By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. What tactics were used? This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. WebWhat is Reconstruction? The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. Civil War & Reconstruction Part 2 Quiz - Quizizz Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? TQSCQIf@*$ They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. Reconstruction plan Flashcards | Quizlet What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? endstream endobj startxref Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Expert Help. No. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. f[=v5GS!Q"+x ml\8fzp +l~xZ0&>@U 8!.VUY[ ~A>}et!F2zfJ(9)29v^A4bk`=Nv^OhGEypb6u;Cj=:Ywq1wb)t+BlL;b[n[QO[*+*+!U$w q'YA*O$_gk.0 l4 Would he or she feel anger over, anything? Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. A large number of Republican lawmakers regained seats in Southern state governments, but chose to abandon Reconstruction reforms. 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream What problems were faced by the freed slaves? the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Congressional Reconstruction. (southern Democrats). endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream Why did white southerners move to take the vote away from blacks at the end of the century? There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. In this CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. the South divided into 5 military districts, gave blacks equal access to public accommodations As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Evaluating Once you are finished, click the button below. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. You have not finished your quiz. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. It gave native born blacks citizenship. The Radical. Much of the South lay in ruins with Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives acts as a grand jury in impeachment cases and determines whether there is enough evidence to bring an official to trial. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. Johnson's policies. What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. 436 0 obj <>stream evaluating the reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. Alexander Stephens. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. corruption did not come to an end. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. HUj@}WDn! white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. many became sharecroppers. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? no, although many blacks stopped participating. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. A Democrat and the only senator from the South who remained loyal to the Union, Johnson at first seemed ready to take a hard line against the former Confederacy. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. RZhC answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., What were Black Codes, and why were they created? Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. CAm? they wre industrialists and bankers. Yes, a few. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. WebWhat is Reconstruction? Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. What was the congressional response? There were those who used their positions for exploitation. What was the Freedmen's Bureau? >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` The Aftermath After American Civil War: The Result of The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in Evaluating Reconstruction .docx - Course Hero This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. (113M Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( still conservative Republicans. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. 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In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. Reconstruction quiz 1 Flashcards | Quizlet What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems What happened to black Nursing care plan about Risk for fetal injury related to shoulder dystocia? Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." pF{:RTV legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? If loading fails, click here to try again. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? Which plan was the hardest on the South? These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. %%EOF Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. Reconstruction Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Women still could not vote. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. Did Congress do anything about white violence? This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI 414 0 obj <> endobj It gave women the right to vote in the United States. Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. until early 1900's they still mostly lived in the south.