Religion can be a protective factor for mental health in Latinx/Hispanic communities (faith, prayer) but can also contribute to the stigma against mental illness and treatment (demons, lack of faith, sinful behavior), so targeting religious institutions to help encourage good mental health and treatment-seeking is important. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations to disclose. The point deserves emphasis: Health care providers must be cautious not to oversimplify the values, customs, and beliefs that characterize any ethnic group-especially one as heterogeneous as Latinos. Plants are used on their own, or mixed together to form herbal remedies. She has lost 10 lb (4.5 kg), and for the first time has acceptable blood pressure and fasting glucose levels. 35% less heart disease and 49% less cancer; A lower death rate overall, but about a 50% higher death rate from diabetes; 24% more poorly controlled high blood pressure; 23% more obesity; 28% less colorectal screening. For Authors For Reviewers For Editors For Librarians For Publishers For Societies For Conference Organizers. . Puerto Ricans have a 14 percent higher rate of hypertension-related mortality than other Latino groups. Journals. Thus, when working with diverse populations in the United States . by Marcia Carteret, M. Ed. Patients should be actively involved in their care rather than passively acquiescing to instructions. These include simpata (kindness), personalismo (friendliness), and respeto (respect).25 Simpata emphasizes politeness and conflict avoidance. Our Health. By comparison, only 35% of Hispanics 50 and older say the same - a 30-percentage-point gap. Respondents using these herbs reported never replacing their medical regimens with herbs. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of antiretroviral-naive patients 18 years and older attending their first visit at Thomas Street Health Center in . The initial arrival of Chinese immigrants to the United States began as a slow trickle in the 1820s, with barely 650 living in the U.S. by the end of 1849. Respeto implies attentive concern for the patient and respect of his or her personhood and age, especially if the patient is older. The APA additionally reported that both language barriers and values created barriers to treatment for Hispanics experiencing mental health issues. All Rights Reserved. Still, being aware of these larger values may help health care providers to understand a particular patient's behaviors and actions in the context of larger cultural inclinations. al., "Important Health Care Issues for California Latinos: Health Insurance and Health Status," UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, January 2003. For Latino/Hispanic adults suffering from any type of mental health disorder, roughly 67 percent did not receive treatment. Moreover, 32.7 percent (nearly one-third) of all U.S. Latinos completely lacked health insurance that year, compared with 15.3 percent in the general population; and nearly half of Latinos reported being uninsured at some point during the previous year.9 Latinos are nearly two and a half times more likely than whites to report that they have no regular doctor.10 Even among many insured Latinos, coverage and care are far from adequate. SAMHSA Blog. These numbers include Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Central and South Americans, Cubans, and many other communities although, throughout California, the vast majority of Latinos identify themselves as of Mexican background. Latino/Hispanic families can provide much support to a child with the disorder and protect him or her from the development of conduct problems (Bauermeister et al., 2005). The toolkit includes tips and techniques to overcome challenges and increase effectiveness when working with Latino populations. Addiction is a chronic, yet treatable brain condition similar to other chronic illnesses like diabetes. This free webinar will discuss a guide for service providers, which includes aspects such as how culture change affects Hispanics and Latinos. They Hear You is SAMHSA's underage drinking prevention campaign that helps parents and caregivers start talking to their children early about the dangers of alcohol. Importantly, many Latinos themselves prefer the latter term, since it avoids reference to the more recent European colonial powers (from "Hispania," or the Iberian Peninsula) that laid claim to Latin America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Switch to Chrome, Edge, Firefox or Safari. Intense but brief release of emotion thought to be caused by family conflict or anger, No immediate treatment other than calming the patient, Childhood condition characterized by irritability and diarrhea thought to be caused by abrupt withdrawal from the mother's breast, Holding the child upside down or applying gentle pressure to the hard palate, Constipation, cramps, or vomiting thought to be caused by overeating, Abdominal massage and herbal purgative teas; an egg passed over the abdomen supposedly sticks to the affected area, Steam inhalation and herbal treatments, including eucalyptus and mullein (gordolobo), Pelvic congestion and decreased libido thought to be caused by insufficient rest after childbirth, Cold air that is thought to cause respiratory infections and earaches, Steam baths, hot compresses, stimulating herbal teas, A hex cast on children, sometimes unconsciously, that is thought to be caused by the admiring gaze of someone more powerful, The hex can be broken if the person responsible for the hex touches the child, or if a healer passes an egg over the child's body; the egg is then broken into a bowl of water and placed under the child's bed; child may wear charms for protection, Unnatural illness that is not easily explained, Temporary paralysis of the face or limbs, often thought to be caused by a sudden hot-cold imbalance, Posttraumatic illness (e.g., shock, insomnia, depression, anxiety), Barrida ritual purification ceremony (herbs used to sweep patient's body) repeated until the patient improves, Eaten to alleviate hypertension and prevent arteriosclerosis; garlic juice is applied to stings and spider bites, Anticoagulant effect at high doses; avoid high doses in patients taking coumadin (Warfarin); high doses can cause heartburn and bad breath; reduces effectiveness of saquinavir (Invirase), Boiled flowers are used externally on bruises, For topical and homeopathic use only; avoid internal use (except for homeopathic preparations, which are considered safe); increased gastroenteritis and dyspnea risk with ingestion, Hepatotoxicity risk from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (in leaves) with high or prolonged doses, Spice used as antispasmodic and for upper respiratory infections; although promoted as a hypoglycemic agent, recent research is conflicting, Use with caution in patients taking hepatotoxic drugs; safe in usual food quantities, Cilantro (cilantro [leaf] or coriander [seed]), Tea used for anxiety, stomach cramps, and inflamed gums; more recently popularized for increasing the urinary excretion of heavy metals, No safety concerns, although there have been recalls because of salmonella and pesticide contamination, Oil used topically for toothache and bad breath, Eugenol in clove oil may affect blood clotting; toxic if ingested, especially in children, Tea or syrup used as an expectorant, a diuretic, and for constipation, liver problems, and gall stones; also used to induce menstruation, High doses may cause vomiting; avoid in pregnancy; no known interactions, Leaf tea used for anxiety and lethargy, most popular as an aphrodisiac, Theoretical concern of cyanogenic glycoside toxicity with higher doses, Tea used for intestinal parasites; herb is added to beans to prevent flatulence, Chenopodium oil is also used as an antihelmintic but may be toxic (ascaridole content), Tea used for upset stomach and menstrual cramps, and to prevent diarrhea, Long-term ingestion causes absinthism (trembling, vertigo, thirst, delirium); thujone in the essential oil is neurotoxic and may cause seizures, Boiled leaves used for asthma in vaporizers; popular in lozenges for sore throat; also sometimes used as topical disinfectant, Ingesting eucalyptus oil may cause vomiting, diarrhea, delirium, and convulsions; avoid using in vaporizers for children younger than six years, Tea used to treat cough and sore throat; one study reports use for otitis, No known safety concerns (insufficient data) or drug interactions, High doses may cause anticoagulant effects and excess gas or bloating, Fruit juice used for fever, upper respiratory infection (classic cooling herb), and hypertension, Weed leaf used externally for burns, bruises, mouth sores, and hemorrhoids; tea taken orally for respiratory infections, Eaten as part of diet; has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and laxative properties; also used as hangover treatment and for hyperlipidemia, May inhibit drug absorption; excess consumption may cause diarrhea and nausea, Leaf tea used to treat cough, indigestion, and, Safe in small quantities in food, but contains monoterpene ketones, which can cause toxicity (intestinal irritation, kidney damage, abortion, seizures), Toxic herb used to induce menstruation and abort fetuses, Toxic; avoid oral use; may cause renal and hepatic damage; furocoumarins can cause skin photosensitivity, Tea from dried flowers used to relieve cough, Yerba buena (mints, including spearmint and, Mint tea relieves upset stomach and headaches, Safe in usual quantities, but spearmint oil is a mucous membrane irritant and potentially toxic when ingested, Topical use for burns; occasionally ingested, Safe for topical use; juice is relatively safe; ingestion of aloe resin (a purgative) may cause diarrhea, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and prolonged bleeding; potential interactions with hypoglycemics and cardiac glycosides, Safe as a food seasoning, toxic alveolitis reported from inhaling lemongrass oil, A Physician's Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care, Hispanic Center of Excellence (Baylor College of Medicine and University of Texas-Pan American), Language Line Services (interpreter services), Office of Minority Health: Cultural Competency, Office of Minority Health: National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS), Oregon Health & Science University: Spanish education handouts for clinicians, Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT) Resource Guide, Transcultural Nursing: Diversity in Health and Illness, University of Washington Medical Center: Culture Clues tip sheets. These broad generalizations are just that: broad generalizations. A 2020 review study found that those in the Hispanic community may face several barriers that affect access to treatment, including: higher rates of unemployment less likelihood of having. Vari Hall, Santa Clara University500 El Camino RealSanta Clara, CA 95053408-554-5319, Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination, Hackworth Fellowships Project Showcase 2021, The Ethics of Going Back to School in a Pandemic, Systemic Racism, Police Brutality, and the Killing of George Floyd, COVID-19: Ethics, Health and Moving Forward, The Ethical Implications of Mass Shootings, Political Speech in the Age of Social Media, Point/Counterpoint: Democratic Legitimacy, Brett Kavanaugh and the Ethics of the Supreme Court Confirmation Process, https://depts.washington.edu/pfes/PDFs/LatinoCultureClue.pdf, Culturally Competent Care for Latino Patients. 15 supp. Contact USA.gov. Our Future. One suggestion she readily agrees to is to include nopales (prickly pear cactus pads), a favorite from her childhood in Mexico. Latinos comprise nearly 16 percent of the U.S. population, and this proportion is anticipated to increase to 30 percent by 2050. First-generation immigrants are likely to seek out curanderos, whereas their children may scoff at the idea. SAMHSA will be highlighting the important role each of us has in maintaining a healthy life and ensuring a productive future. US Hispanics, currently the largest minority group in the country, face disparities in the recognition and treatment of major depression. Latinx/Hispanic Communities and Mental Health Mental Health America Offers information about mental health issues in Latinx/Hispanic communities, including demographics, prevalence, treatment issues, and more. These materials focus on the challenges that can confront Hispanics in American health care settings. Oregano tea for coughs. Among Hispanics who needed but did not receive treatment in the past year, 95.8% did not feel the need for it, 2.2% felt the need for treatment but did not make an effort to get it, and 2.0% felt the need for treatment and did make an effort to get it. Cultural Barriers to Treatment and Compliance. It was developed specially to treat people between the ages of 3 and 18. The cultural value of familism has important implications for the successful treatment of a child with AD/HD. She says that she does not feel better when taking the medicine, and says the diet you prescribed does not include tortillas or any of the foods she likes. Yet the call for cultural competence can-at its best-urge practitioners to adopt instead a stance of cultural "humility": one which encourages an open mind, and a recognition that each one of us sees the world through our own very distinctive cultural lenses. Studies show that Hispanics and Latinos seeking substance use disorders and mental health treatment confront many barriers to accessing culturally and linguistically competent care. needs and experience of less acculturated Latino clients who are mostly from Mexico and Central America, and represent a large segment of the Latino community in Southern California. Chagas Disease Is a Consideration in Latino Patients, http://www.stanford.edu/group/ethnoger/hispaniclatino.html, http://www.rice.edu/projects/HispanicHealth, http://www.hogarhispano.homestead.com/HispanicHealth.html, http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=1&lvlID=3, http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/education/library/research-assistance/patient-education-handouts.cfm/, https://www.aamc.org/download/54328/data/tacctresourceguide.pdf.pdf, http://depts.washington.edu/pfes/CultureClues.htm. Developing cultural sensitivity to Latino patients entails recognizing and appreciating their diversity. To sign up for updates or to access your subscriber preferences, please enter your contact information. "1 The term does not refer only to Spanish speakers, however; many people usually thought of as "Hispanic"-the people of Brazil, for instance, or those from indigenous Mexican communities-often do not speak Spanish at all, or at least not as their primary language. Karen Peterson-Iyer is a program specialist in health care ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. The material in this section is part of a larger project by the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics on culturally competent care; that is, health care that is sensitive to the differing values and needs of cultural subgroups within our pluralistic society. 1. Mexican Americans with hypertension are less likely to be treated than non-Latino whites (35 versus 49 percent). Latinos have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Patients should be asked if they use alternative therapies, because it is not likely that such information will be volunteered. Bridging such cultural gaps, wide or narrow, will result in better physician-patient relationships and more effective care. In some cases, discussing personal family issues might feel like a form of disloyalty to a Hispanic recovering addict in a group therapy . Indeed, such a patient's silence might best be interpreted as an indirect and nonverbal form of disagreement. This is lower than the average of 43 percent for adults in the U.S. overall. Abdominal pain may be attributed to empacho, or food stuck in the intestine. Her husband died in an industrial accident four years ago, and she is still grieving. Similarly, a patient's silence when presented with a difficult treatment plan, rather than conveying agreement, may in fact indicate that patient's desire to maintain a polite relationship with the health care provider and avoid difficult or conflictual situations. The Concurrent Integration of Treatment Modali-ties in Social Work Practice." D.S.W. Some states have extremely large Latino populations; for instance, as of 2006, 36 percent of Californians (13.2 million people) identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino, as did 36 percent of Texans (8.6 million people). A total of 31.2% received care from health care professionals assigned to ETC participation, and 33.6% had Medicare fee-for-service . Physicians cannot assume that all Latinos share these beliefs; many do not. The National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services address these concerns with recommendations for culturally competent care, language services, and organizational support. There are also differences in drug use within the Hispanic population as shown in Figure 1. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. Research is reviewed demonstrating that BSFT is a promising family-based approach to treating Hispanic youth behavior problems and drug abuse. There are likely many possible reasons for this, including poverty and lack of health insurance, and thus at best irregular access to health care; cultural factors that might cause patients to delay seeing a doctor, for example, the expectation that one should tolerate pain without complaint; and a belief that certain conditions (such as pregnancy) are natural and do not require medical attention. Cysticercosis is caused by consumption of contaminated with pork tapeworm. Poor communication with health care providers is often an issue. More than half of Hispanic young adults ages 18-25 with serious mental illness may not receive treatment. Latinos are far more likely than the overall population to live in poverty; the poverty rate in 2006 was 20.8 percent, compared to 12.3 percent for the overall U.S. population. These instructions can be studied by the patient or translated when time permits. These terms are derived from the Spanish verb curar, which means to heal. A few candles were lit in the dark, curtained bedroom. This resulted in a rich compilation of remedies that Hispanics use in home treatments, with the emergence of a pattern comparable to the nursing process.