They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? They also found a sea route to India. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Gallery. This was centre of the gold trade. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? It also established trading posts in China and Japan. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? The Spanish were also the first in the New World. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. . In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Spain. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. explored isthmus of panama. Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. The Library of Congress. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. . In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. The Spaniards moved north, too. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? It began with the Vikings' brief stint . This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man!