british army of the rhine bases

This page is a list of British Armies in WWII. [87][88] A 300-metre (980ft) Class 9 FBE bridge was built over the Elbe at Lauenburg by the VIII Corps engineers on 29 April. [44], Thus far in the campaign in North West Europe, XXX Corps had only served as part of the British Second Army, and it found that maintenance procedures of the First Canadian Army differed from what it had been used to due to the fact that the First Canadian Army's operations had been conducted where there had been adequate communications. You can order records in advance to be ready for. [63] The final troop movements for Operation Plunder involved 662 tanks, over 4,000 tank transporters and 32,000 other vehicles. It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. During February 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were delivered to the XXX Corps railheads. [89][90], Despite this, stocks at the Nos. LT COL Served from 1974 - 2011 Served in British Army of the Rhine. British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany was the support of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operations in the Second World War from 8 January 1945 until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945. Learning and Adapting: The British Army from Somme to the Mexico and the United States, 18361848, Wars of, Semi-Military and Paramilitary Organizations, South West Pacific, 19411945, Campaigns in, Southeast Asian Military History, Colonial, Southeast Asian Military History, Precolonial. The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. This brought the amount of road transport capacity under Second Army's control to 31,580 tonnes (31,080 long tons), which was reckoned to be the equivalent of 76 general transport companies. WW2 MAPS OF BRUSSELS/BRUXELLES 1944 D/DAY ORIGINAL RARE. This was after British forces personnel were scaled down over several years, with 19,100 in April 2010, and 2,850 in April 2019. The second class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge, known as "Blackfriars", was built by the II Canadian Corps Engineers in 50 hours, starting at 10:00 on 26 March. [92] There was an additional allocation of 5,100 tonnes (5,000 long tons) of road transport for the drive to the Baltic Sea on 26 April, and another 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) was received by the end of the month. [2] Although it contained personnel nations, the logistical support was British. British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. 16 Army Roadhead from railtails around Bocholt using captured rolling stock and locomotives. The bank control groups controlled all movement from the marshalling areas on the near side of the Rhine to the dispersal areas on the far side. These provided health care and bathing and delousing with DDT to prevent the spread of disease. A broad look at the cultural attitudes of the British army and its relationship with wider society. Select from premium British Army Of The Rhine of the highest quality. Three bridges were constructed there, but by the time they opened II Canadian Corps already had its three Canadian divisions across the Rhine. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. Read reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Road transport accounted for another 29,865 personnel and 23,360 trucks. German railway personnel were used to man two trains a day from Celle to Bienenbuttel. To compensate for this, to minimise casualties, and to maximise the combat effectiveness of what manpower they had, the British forces relied on machines, materiel and firepower. Similar Royal Air Force Germany, Royal Electrical and Mech, British Army, Royal Military Police, Army Air Corps. They only operated until newly constructed bridges were able to take traffic, which occurred about 72 hours into the operation. British Army Germany was formed in 2020 to administer the remaining service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany. [45], Stocks of ammunition were built up at No. List of units and formations of the British Army, "Neuer britischer Kommandeur in Paderborn", "Adventurous Training Foundation Delivery (AFTD)", Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom, British Forces British Indian Ocean Territories, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Army_Germany&oldid=1141875126, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Military command, support, and administration, Land Training Fleet (Sennelager) which provides and maintains a pool of. This involved a large expenditure of ammunition, including some that was in short supply like ML 4.2-inch mortar rounds and the Mark VIIIz ammunition used by the Vickers machine gun. The Meuse-Escaut Canal was also opened that month, and by the end of March the Zuid-Willemsvaart and the MaasWaal Canal were also open, allowing barge traffic from Antwerp to reach the Waal. Blaxland, Gregory. [11], A new base was developed around Brussels, and an advanced base area around Antwerp, but supplies were still being drawn from the Rear Maintenance Area (RMA) in Normandy. They were augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. Since prompt clearance of the trains was essential to allow turnaround of the locomotives and rolling stock, vehicles had to be used to clear less urgently required supplies such as POL, coal and engineer stores. Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War and the other after the Second World War. XXX Corps opened a new No. 1 Artillery Brigade Cold War.png 888 544; 45 KB. At this time the ration strength of the 21st Army Group was around 1.2 million, while that of the Mediterranean theatre was 1.4 million. A smoke screen concealed preparations on the west bank of the Rhine. Deliveries of ammunition averaged 4,800 tonnes (4,700 long tons) per day, peaking at 9,300 tonnes (9,150 long tons) on 25 March. Individual chapters consider British thinking about tactical nuclear weapons, the evolution of NATO strategy, theories of tactical nuclear warfare, nuclear instruction at the Staff College, operational research and war-gaming, and the development of the armys nuclear warfighting doctrine. 30 hurt in blast at army base. Some 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of wooden piles, baulks and chesses was assembled for the project. [60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B. After the successful Normandy landings, the units of 21st Army Group crossed the river Rhine near the Germany city of Wesel on 23 March 1945. Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. Dorsten Ammunition Depot munitions storage facility. CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme . The War Office therefore created a new headquarters, called the 25th Garrison, to take over the RMA, and four new line of communications sub area headquarters, the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. The purpose of this site is to give people, still serving or not, the opportunity to look back at the places in Germany where they may have served over the years and also a view of the regiments and units which shaped them. Margaret Brown. [11] The first phase of this was the transfer of remaining stores to the advanced base. Part of Ministry of Defence. 13 Army Roadhead while II Canadian Corps advanced on Oldenburg supported from No. The attacks resulted in the deaths of nine people, including three civilians, and many wounded. 13 Army Roadhead. They were also utilised for duties such as manning level crossings. [7] The British Second Army liberated Brussels on 3 September, and Antwerp was captured virtually intact on 4 September,[8] but it could not be used as a port until the Germans were cleared from the Scheldt approaches, through which ships had to pass to reach the port. Operation Veritable required 35,000 vehicle movements, mainly to move XXX Corps units 80 miles (130km) in nineteen days. Another three-platoon company arrived from Italy with the Operation Goldflake units. 10 Army Roadhead, while the attached II Canadian Corps continued to draw its from the First Canadian Army's No. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. Contains informative chapters on the precarious position of BAOR during the austerity years of 19461953 and of the contribution made by BAOR to conventional deterrence throughout the Cold War. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Ron. This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. As a result of this fire it was decided to remove camouflage from the oil storage tanks, because it was not effective against the V-2, and hampered fire fighting efforts. BMH Iserlohn was one of several BAOR (British Army Of The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. Divisions carried two days' compo rations in their first line (unit) transport and two days' in their second line (divisional) transport. Home; About. Almost all BLA units were assigned to the 21st Army Group, which also included forces from other countries. In 1961, he received a commission into the Royal Corps of Signals, and served in the British Army of the Rhine . Check 'British Army of the Rhine' translations into Italian. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. By 1945 the British Army was highly experienced, professional and proficient. Only three could be provided by the 21st Army Group: the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area when released from the RMA, and the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area, when it was no longer required for Operation Goldflake. [77] A 370-metre (1,220ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge was built at Venlo by the 15th GHQ Troops Engineers. Traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano . Not only was the 21st Army Group fighting alongside the much larger American armies, it had to deal with a severe shortage of manpower. The Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers and the Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles of the 79th Armoured Division were overhauled between January and March. [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army . A German V-2 rocket scored a direct hit on the British POL installation at Antwerp on 19 January. The troops were located principally in the vicinity of Cologne at an approximate cost per month of 300,000. [44] The 25-pounders were each provided with an additional 1,471 rounds in addition to the 206 rounds per gun each regiment normally carried. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. [7] Following a further spending review, one brigade was withdrawn and Osnabrck Garrison closed in 2009. [5], First established following the Second World War, the forces grew during the Cold War, and consisted, by the early 1980s, of I (BR) Corps made up of four divisions; 1st Armoured Division, 2nd Armoured Division, 3rd Armoured Division and the 4th Armoured Division. [99], On 4 May 1945, Montgomery accepted the German surrender at Lneburg Heath, which covered German forces in the Netherlands, Dunkirk, North West Germany and Denmark. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1950s British Army Rhine Royal Artillery Soldiers sergeant officer etc 3.25*2.25 at the best online prices at eBay! Twenty-five special vehicles were built in Army workshops to carry them. REME Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers [44] Road maintenance was made especially difficult by the winter weather. BAOR is defined as British Army Of the Rhine frequently. British army inner german border.jpg 1,941 1,368 . Happily, we were posted to the British Army of the Rhine, in my case, to 282 (Welsh) Field Company, RE, in the 63rd (Welsh) Division. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps, http://www.orbat.info/history/volume5/518/Original%20BAOR.pdf, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article187497575, http://baor-locations.org/historybaor.aspx.html, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1963/jan/30/baor-tactical-nuclear-weapons, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1967/mar/06/defence-army-estimates-1967-68-vote-a#S5CV0742P0_19670306_HOC_566, http://baor-locations.org/salamancabks.aspx.html, http://baor-locations.org/bournmouthbks.aspx.html, http://baor-locations.org/kingslybks.aspx.html, "British Army of the Rhine Order of Battle July 1989", https://www.orbat85.nl/documents/BAOR-July-1989.pdf, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military units and formations established in 1945, Military units and formations disestablished in 1994, Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War I, Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War II, Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II. [30], A rail halt was established at Gevrey-Chambertin and bivouac areas at Montbard and Chalon-sur-Sane. The Oxford History of the British Army. [52], Special tracks were provided for the Bren gun carriers to prevent skidding on icy roads, but these had to be withdrawn when it was discovered that they caused excessive wear and tear on their suspensions. British Army Royal Engineers enaged in the building of The Freeman Bridge, The River Rhine, Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom enable the British Armed Forces to conduct expeditionary warfare and maintain a forward presence.Bases tend to be located in or near areas of strategic or diplomatic importance, often used for the build-up or resupply of military forces, as was seen during the 1982 Falklands War and the use of RAF Ascension Island as a staging post. The West German town of Bruggen, 55 miles (88 km) south of Dusseldorf, celebrated its 700th anniversary on Saturday (2 June) by granting the freedom of the city to a British Army unit which has been stationed in the town for 21 years. british army of the rhine bases. The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. Expands. [63][72] The seaborne tail of the 6th Airborne Division established a DUKW replenishment area west of the Rhine from whence supplies were moved until it could cross the river. Initially Goldflake convoys sailed to Marseilles by a direct route but after the Battle of the Ligurian Sea on the night of 17/18 March they were routed further south, through the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia. [51] Each of the assaulting infantry carried five days' supplies, and the armoured divisions carried six. Ammunition expenditure was prodigious, and a system of rationing had to be introduced. For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army had 624 field and medium guns. [4] Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. This included 15,000,000 rations, which were gradually eaten by the troops in the RMA. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after 1949. Daily expenditure of ammunition soon exceeded a trainload, so the non-arrival of even one train meant that ammunition had to be drawn from the Second Army roadhead at Bourg Leopold. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . Montgomery's armies were reinforced by the redeployment of three divisions from Italy under Operation Goldflake. The second class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge, "Sparrow", was built by the 4th GHQ Troops Engineers on 27 March. The tracks of Sherman tanks were equipped with "duck bill" connectors to facilitate advancing across snow and soft ground. [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). [2] With the end of the Cold War, and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, BFG as a whole was considerably reduced, with the British presence centred on the 1st Armoured Division, and supporting elements. Catalogue description British Army of the Rhine [BAOR] Ordering and viewing options This record has not been digitised and cannot be downloaded. In the post World War Two years Argonne Barracks became . Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. To simplify storage and handling, only ammunition for field, medium and heavy artillery was held at the Canadian FMCs, ammunition for all other weapons was stocked at No. Motorman began on 31st July 1972 with the rapid deployment of troops from the rest of the UK and the British Army of the Rhine to the ports of Belfast and Derry. Nottingham. Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. Corps Water Polo Championships, BAOR (British Army of the Rhine)Team Winners, Aldershot. 10 Army Roadhead. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . London: Penguin, 1970. Includes a chapter on the activation of BAOR and its composition throughout the Cold War against the background of government defense reviews. [101] The vast resources brought to bear was in stark contrast with scarcities of the early war years. USA & International; 100 The 3rd Canadian Division made use of Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles. [73] In XXX Corps, all DUKWs were retained under corps control. In turn this demanded a high degree of organisation and professionalism required to utilise the available machines and firepower to best effect. 19191929. The other units could not be found, and the 21st Army Group was informed that it would have to make do without them. Its primary combat formation was British I Corps. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. 14 Army Roadhead. Over the next 24 hours, 7,415 vehicles crossed the bridge. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. The British Liberation Army (BLA) was the official name given to the British Army forces which fought on the Western Front of World War II between the Invasion of Normandy and the end of the war. British Army Germany, is the superior institution under which the remaining installations of the British Forces Germany are organised after the completion of the withdrawal of the British Forces from Germany in February 2020. [45] No. Cold War British Army Threat Recognition Guide It's the 1980s and the British Army Of the Rhine is still stationed in West Germany facing down the USSR's forces. Large numbers of displaced persons were also encountered, and they were accommodated in special camps. 26 In a European context the first step in this process was the 1947 Anglo-French Treaty of . In 1947 all Batteries except those of the Royal Horse Artillery were placed on a single roll.