difference between alexandrian and antiochene christology pdf difference between alexandrian and antiochene christology pdf

Therefore, Origen understands the contrast between law and gospel not as one of judgment versus mercy, but rather imperfect religion versus perfect religion. Antiochene side. In response to these teachings of Marcion, Origen defended the positive value and continuing relevance of Mosaic Law for Christians. 0000008544 00000 n This makes Origen unique among early Christian interpreters in ascribing such a pedagogical significance to the fall of Jerusalem. For himself, he says, he has chosen to be on the. In the following centuries, the church faced opposition on two fronts. Alexandria and Antioch had developed very different views on the matter: The Alexandrian school leaned towards Christs humanity and divinity being absorbed into each other while Antioch leaned towards maintaining the human and divine in Christ as two separate beings. Thus, like his predecessors Philo and Clement, Origen believed that the essence of Mosaic Law is also found in natural law. HVr6j.qR q}|HHOil$!R3Bok2'?ad #BHQ"Z7+:sGi iU`cVAwy2ZDOKu*&4Yd? I was in search of an online course; Perfect e Learn document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. (LogOut/ [14] Riemer Roukema, Law of Nature, in The Westminster Handbook of Origen, ed. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. 0000008123 00000 n Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. This article questions the value of the categories the school of Antioch and Antiochene christology on the basis of the significant theological differences between the two central figures in the school: John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, both of whom studied together at the school of Diodore of Tarsus in the late fourth century. WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. Philo, a wealthy first-century Jew, was well known for his efforts to integrate Greek philosophy and Jewish theology. 0000005651 00000 n exams to Degree and Post graduation level. In their Christology they stressed the divinity of Christ. ", Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions, Anglican Theological Review 94:3 (Summer), De Medio Aevo 2 (2012 / 2) ISSN-e 2255-5889. In particular, I will focus on his Commentary on Romans and show how his hermeneutical distinction between letter and spirit favors the continuity of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. This sets up another important distinction in Origens conception of Mosaic Lawnamely, that between the ceremonial law and the moral law. In scriptural exegesis it placed more emphasis on the 0000008977 00000 n test, which makes it an ideal choice for Indians residing 0000004309 00000 n Origens Hermeneutic in Historical Context. 0000009443 00000 n Origens defense of Mosaic Law in his Commentary on Romans is rather complex, and it may be helpful to analyze his argument topically, in terms of various distinctions that he makes. [4] The difference between the two non-literal senses is that the psychic concerns day-to-day ethical living, while the pneumatic concerns higher theological and christological truths. 16 and 33, Vetus Latina: Aus der Geschichte der lateinischen Bibel (Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: Herder, 1990-1998). [8] Wai-Shing Chau. Philo affirmed its authority, but unlike the rabbis of his day, he believed that this authority was found in the realm of ideas which transcended the wording of the text itself. recommend Perfect E Learn for any busy professional looking to Grace is the essence of Sinai, but it is veiled until Calvary. It is at once powerful and fragile, majestic and humble. While the Alexandrian school adopted the "hypostasis union" or the "nature union" of the According to Marcion, the material world was created by an inferior deity known as a Demiurge, who revealed himself to the Hebrews and gave them a law of strict retributive justice. 0000007720 00000 n Cirilo insiste en que Mara, la madre de Dios, debe ser llamada Theotokos. 1 (2008), 95-110, The Lynching of Nestorius: Cyril, The Strongman of Alexandria, Created or uncreated: The influence of philosophy and cultural normatives on the development of opposing interpretations of Christ as Logos leading up to Nicaea, The Christology of Eutyches at the Council of Constantinople 448. In these works, Origen describes a threefold distinction in the meanings of Scripture, which correspond to body, soul, and spirit. More often, however, Origen makes use of a merely twofold distinction between the literal sense and the spiritual sense, in accordance with Pauls terminology of letter and spirit (2 Cor. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. It was generally in contrast with and sometimes opposed to the theology of Alexandria. WebThe notion that there existed a distinction between so-called Alexandrian and Antiochene exegesis in the ancient church has become a common assumption among theologians. Clement (d. ca. The letter brings death when it is separated from the spirit, and when it is turned into an end in itself rather than a means to the end of spiritual obedience. (LogOut/ In other words, WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. program which is essential for my career growth. Change). Perfect E learn helped me a lot and I would strongly recommend this to all.. 0000003186 00000 n [14] Origen was persuaded that all rational creatures, excepting young children,[15] were accountable to some law or another. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. [3] According to Elizabeth Lauro, the somatic sense can be understood as literal, whereas the psychic and pneumatic senses are non-literal. [13] It is also Christianitys oldest surviving commentary on Romans, predating by about 150 years the second oldest commentary, written by John Chrysostom. In spite of some of his more idiosyncratic conclusions, Origen developed an exegetical method that would have a profound impact on subsequent theologians. Origens doctrine of the body seems to directly parallel his doctrine of biblical interpretation. Although Philo was Jewish, his impact would prove to be far greater on later Christian interpreters, such as Clement. Antiochene theology Quick Reference A modern designation for a style of theology associated with the Church at Antioch, contrasted with Alexandrine theology. 0000000867 00000 n But the relationship between these two senses is like that between an earthenware vessel and a treasure hidden inside. Una de sus frases favoritas es: El Logos sufri impasiblemente. i.e, word became flesh. Such blending of Greek and Jewish categories is also seen in his handling of Mosaic Law. That is, the impossibility to keep the letter of the law is not due to human sin, as later Protestant interpreters would argue. The contemporary historian Socrates called Nestorius a proud and ignorant man whose innate and undisputed oratorical power masked a weakness of incisive thought. Edwards also questions the common assumption that Origen held to a doctrine of the pre-existence of the soul. Antiochene theology Quick Reference A modern designation for a style of theology associated with the Church at Antioch, contrasted with Alexandrine theology. For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated [] Note: this is the second part of a paper originally written for a class on the History of Biblical Interpretation at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. [22], Second, Origen believes that the letter of the law is unattainable. This led him to a rather syncretistic blend of Hellenistic cosmology and Logos christology, with the result that later interpreters would fault Clement for some of his Gnostic tendencies. Finally, I will conclude by arguing that the Reformed traditions approach to Mosaic Law contains both Alexandrian and Antiochene elements. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. [6] Karlfried Froehlich, Biblical Interpretation in the Early Church (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984), 15-16. There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his THE TRIAL OF EUTYCHES: A NEW INTERPRETATION, Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church - Mark J. Edwards, Compare and contrast the theological schools of Alexandria and Antioch. But, our concern was whether she could join the universities of our preference in abroad. The Christology of the Fourth Letter of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite: Chalcedonian or Monophysite? Rather than being a prison house, our bodies give us the opportunity to exercise virtue and grow into the likeness of God. 0000007102 00000 n Para l, el Logos de Dios resucit a Lzaro de la muerte, mientras que el hombre Jess llor ante su tumba. These are the somatic, the psychic, and the pneumatic senses. However, it is not the final step. For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated A term paper written on the prompt: "With reference to the dispute between Cyril and Nestorius evaluate the assessment that Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies are ultimately incompatible." 0000002908 00000 n [7], Such was the heritage of Origens forbears. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. [1] Donald Fairbairn, Patristic Exegesis and Theology: The Cart and the Horse, Westminster Theological Journal 69 (2007), 10-11; Brevard Childs, The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004), 132-33; Frances Young, Alexandrian and Antiochene Exegesis, in History of Biblical Interpretation, ed. Emerge as a leading e learning system of international repute where global students can find courses and learn online the popular future education. For Origen, God ordained this historical event in order to guide his people from the letter to the spirit. This Demiurge was not inherently evil, but was nevertheless inferior to the God of love and compassion revealed by Jesus. WebThe theology of the Alexandrian school was influenced by the Platonic traditions of Philosophy. This method is set forth most explicitly in his work De Principiis (On First Principles), and is also evident in his numerous commentaries. According to Edwards, the most that can be inferred from Origens extant writings is that the human soul is created in the hand of God immediately before embodiment, but this does not entail any supposed punitive fall from heaven, as Platonists contend. Whether or not one is persuaded of Edwardss argument here, it is true that Origen sees bodily existence as basically good. At the same time, Origens eschatology suggests that the body is a mere stepping stone to a higher reality, one in which we enjoy immediate communion with God unencumbered by carnal habits like eating and drinking.[10]. 0000008102 00000 n In Cyrils letters against to Nestorius, Cyril not only defends the title Theotokos against accusations that it was reviving the heresy of Apollinariusm, but he denies the very legitimacy of using alternative Christological schemes a such as the association of personas the Antiochian thinkers had spoken of. Perfect E Learn is committed to impart quality education through online mode of learning the future of education across the globe in an international perspective. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. %PDF-1.3 % James O. Duke (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009), 1:174-78. WebCyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. St. Vladimirs Theological Quarterly 52, no. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. For Origen, fixation on the literal sense is precisely what led both Jews and Gnostics astray. 845 (2012) 153-177. John Anthony McGuckin (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 140-41. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. However, church historians have long since recognized that this distinction is neither wholly accurate nor helpful in exegetical studies. By answering that question in the negative, the church acknowledged some degree of discontinuity with Mosaic Law. This makes it an invaluable resource on early Christian understanding of Mosaic Law. Thomas Scheck (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2002), 1-2. Si Jess era humano, argumenta Cirilo, y si Dios estaba en otro lugar, la Encarnacin, la Palabra hecha carne, carecera de sentido. A term paper written on the prompt: "With reference to the dispute between Cyril and Nestorius evaluate the assessment that Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies are ultimately incompatible." As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. The solution for Origen was to uphold the Mosaic Laws spiritual meaning, as elucidated through the work of Christ. 0000001237 00000 n Our online courses offer unprecedented opportunities for people who would otherwise have limited access to education. WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. Este es a la vez poderoso y frgil, majestuoso y humilde. [4] Elizabeth Lauro, Reconsidering Origens Two Higher Senses of Scriptural Meaning: Identifying the Psychic and Pneumatic Senses, in Studia Patristica 34, ed. [11] Jews insisted on the total application of Mosaic Law, while Gnostics repudiated Mosaic Law altogether, but both camps were guilty of carnal exegesis. !CYf} qC%/f9 jhA4i4OMUA\:>v'E3 {yhPVQgllY+5p}`NW. Nestorio fue entronizado como arzobispo el 10 de abril 428. Our Degree programs are offered by UGC approved Indian universities and recognized by competent authorities, thus successful learners are eligible for higher studies in regular mode and attempting PSC/UPSC exams. Palabras clave: Theotokos, Anthropotokos, Cristologa, Mariologa, Cirilo de Alejandra. The New Testament describes the early controversy over the question of whether to circumcise Gentile believers (Acts 15). [12] The critical edition of Origens commentary in the original Latin can be found in Caroline P. Hammond Bammel, Der Rmerbriefkommentar des Origenes: kritische Ausgabe der bersetzung Rufins, vols. Cyril insists that Mary, the mother of God, should be called Theotokos. This desire to avoid both the Scylla of Judaism and the Charybdis of Gnosticism (or better, Marcionism) set the stage for a multiplicity of Christian approaches to Mosaic Law. Para Nestorio, el lenguaje del intercambio de propiedades era en general sospechoso, y con frecuencia odioso. The Letter and the Spirit: A History of Interpretation from Origen to Luther (New York: Peter Lang, 1995), 16. (LogOut/ 0000009410 00000 n Ever since its inception, the church has struggled to understand the proper place of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. Origens chief target was Marcion (ca. WebAlexandria as they had his teacher Origen, but Arius almost single-handedly ushered in an era in which the church was well-nigh intoxicated with Christology, though he did so from a Trinitarian perspective and did not waste much time on the articulation between Christs disparate natures. Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. Theodore of Mopsuestia prefers to speak of the perfect union of Christs natures rather than synthesis. Then, there were many different viewpoints of the doctrine proposed by Alexandrian School (ex: Arius, Athansius, and Apollinarius) and Antiochene School (ex: In their Christology they stressed the divinity of Christ. Educational programs for all ages are offered through e learning, beginning from the online Theological Controversy in the Seventh Century Concerning Activities and Wills in Christ. Supervised by Andrew Louth, (University of Durham, 2004). Cirilo se sumerge en el debate con invectivas fuertes, remitiendo un documento Para Nestorio, el nuevo Judas. Por otro lado, el trmino Anthropotokos reconoce que Mara es la madre de este hombre, pero dicho trmino puede en s mismo dar a entender que l no es ms que un hombre, lo cual de nuevo es ofensivo a la fe cristiana ortodoxa en la deidad de Cristo. It would be a mistake to say that the literal sense of a text was irrelevant for Origen; rather, discerning the literal sense was the necessary means by which one could attain the spiritual sense. successful learners are eligible for higher studies and to attempt competitive Origen identifies the content of natural law with what is known as the second table of the law, encompassing such prohibitions as murder, adultery, and false testimony. I will show how the distinction between law and gospel in his Commentary on Galatians favors the discontinuity of Mosaic Law. Cirilo insiste en que, si bien por s misma la propia naturaleza humana no es poderosa, sino pasible, en su unin con la divinidad, como en el dinmico acto de la Encarnacin, la naturaleza humana del Logos se convierte as en un instrumento del poder omnipotente, y, por tanto en un sentido real, aunque mentalmente paradjico, en un instrumento omnipotente. Conceiving Orthodox Christology, reviewing Cyril - pillar of faith'- Miaphysite Soteriology, in light of recent theological research, by Kasper, McGuckin, Meunier, Schoonenberg, Wickham, et al, Dogma and spirituality in Cyrillian logic. [1] The Alexandrian tradition thus placed a heavier emphasis on the trans-historical, spiritual meaning of Scripture, while the Antiochene tradition stressed the primacy of the literal, historically situated meaning of Scripture. [13] Origen, Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, Books 1-5, trans. [9] Mark Edwards, Origen against Plato (Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2002), 160-1. Even the ceremonial laws have a spiritual sense, although it may be comparatively more obscure than for the moral laws. Such a categorization would overlook the dual aspect of every text of Scripture. It was generally in contrast with and sometimes opposed to the theology of Alexandria. 215 AD) was committed to the idea that all truth, whether in pagan or biblical sources, found its fulfillment in the reality of Christ. On the one hand, Jewish interpreters insisted on the total and literal application of Mosaic Law, compelling Christians to defend the supremacy of the revelation of Christ. Had a great experience here.