Although his work was garlanded with 48 prestigious awards, Robbins rarely felt satisfaction with his success. In accordance with Robbins earlier wishes, in 2003 the foundation awarded the first Jerome Robbins Prizes in recognition of excellence in dance. On the other hand, the three successive duets of In the Night, which are set to Chopin nocturnes (or night music) are more elegant, more temperamental, less breeze-blown, even though each portrays a different kind of relationship. Robbins's work is astonishingly varied. He nurtured many and helped those he worked with find their best selves. For the next three years he worked on an experimental theatre project, the American Theatre Laboratory, but in 1969 he returned to NYCB. Mambas, cha-chas, and jazz contractions. Dance Spirit: Always on the beat These innovative works display his gift for capturing the essence of a particular era through his mastery of vernacular dance styles and his understanding of gesture. Blend of musical theatre and ballet. His timing was impeccable and indisputable. In many musicals, he integrated dance seamlessly with character, story and music. What time does your father wake up on most days and what time did he wake up today? This is where I knew Jerry. A detailed timeline of the events, works and influences of Jerome Robbins. Michael Jackson's "Beat It" did so as well in 1982. Fancy Free, a story of sailors on shore leave, melded jazz, popular and classical styles. Where was Michael Bennet from? Larry Kert and Carol Lawrence in dance at the gym scene from the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope and Scenic Design by Oliver Smith, Rosaria Sinisi The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Jerome Robbins: Robbins was an American choreographer known for his work on many successful Broadway productions, including "West Side Story," "Fiddler on the Roof," and "On the Town." He incorporated elements of ballet and jazz into his choreography and was known for his innovative use of dance to advance the plot and character development in . The 2023-2024 season at the famed New York venue will also feature an evening with Tony winners Sutton Foster and Kelli O'Hara. Three sailors on shore leave in New York City (Robbins played one of them) was a timely topic in 1944, and audiences received the ballet enthusiastically. F ak.0A&h:4PaV/ZC`57 lLey0fz3m u h~ f5h.^&. Jerome Robbins was a perfectionist and a demanding taskmaster. Jerome Robbins rehearsing Other Dances with Mikhail Baryshnikov. St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. After leading Fedora earlier this season, the soprano is back at the Metropolitan Opera as Norma. No nymphs for Robbins and no goat-legged faun, but a duet that happened, almost by accident, between two ballet dancers in practice clothes, who had found an empty studio in which to nap (he) and to practice (she). In a windowless subterranean studio under the New York State Theater, I pulled back an imaginary arrow and let it fly. Bob Fosse. Remember, youre an Indian scout moving through the forest trying not to make a sound. As he said this, he demonstrated his words perfectly. No one really called Jerry back and told him to sit down, but I saw an essential if not career-defining opportunity about to disappear forever. A decade after my debut as Cupid, I was an NYCB corps member cast in the title role of Balanchines As he doubted and changed course time and time again, we sensed his lack of confidence in his own craft, unsure of his final act. | By The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. It caused a sensation (22 curtain calls on the first night) and catapulted Robbins and Bernstein to fame and fortune. It wasnt that he wasnt helpful or encouraging, just begrudgingly so. How did Jerome Robbins influence Bob Fosse? In that moment, at age 10, I found one of the greatest coaches I would ever work with. The stories of Jerrys anger are legendary. Dancer and choreographer Jerome Robbins was undeniably one of the most important figures in American danceand he would have been 100 years old this year. When dancers exit or enter Dances at a Gathering, you imagine them joining or leaving a nearby rendezvous. pirouette. 853 0 obj <>stream I was slated to play Cupid in Jerome Robbins compilation of fairy tales called Wit could leaven a section, as when shivering women brace themselves against the blasts of male winds in the Winter section of The Four Seasons. He won Tony Awards, Oscars, accolades and honors, and yet demons and self-doubt characterized much of his existence. On our first day, Jerry asked me to make my entrance. But unlike others who created ballets with pioneers and cowboys, Mr Robbins did not indulge in 'Americana'. He also ensured that all the primary actors could move well, with Chita Rivera (pictured here in the front, right) outshining them all. Okay, Paul, good. Good! said ballet master Tommy Abbott. He also loved dogs. Conditions. %PDF-1.5 % Robbins resigned as codirector of NYCB in 1990, though he continued to choreograph for the company. Wendy Whelan and I worked for almost two years on his final ballet, 200. . Though my second shot was met with approval, each subsequent performance was held to his high standard, with some hitting the mark and some less successful. Sign up for any or all of these newsletters His standard was so very high and we were part of achieving that standard. In the savage little ballet, Nora Kaye played the novice in an all-female insect community, who must prove that she can mate with a male and then kill him. So what did you have for breakfast this morning? he asked. Copyright: The Robbins Rights Trust Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in New York on October 11, 1918 and raised in Weehawken, New Jersey. On the Town and West Side Story made him the king of Broadway, but Jerome Robbins was a man beset with anxieties, writes Sanjoy Roy, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, On the Town by ENO in 2007. Director Judy Kinberg Writer Amanda Vaill Stars Ib Andersen (archive footage) William Archibald (archive footage) Later, during a difficult rehearsal of the Spring section of During the McCarthy witch-hunts of the 1950s, he was hauled before the House UnAmerican Activities Committee, where he confessed to having been a communist. Corrections? View Project. Blocking belongson the stage,not on websites. After a year of college, he found dance and theater through his sister and a summer arts camp, and he began to perform and to choreograph. Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in Manhattan on October 11, 1918. "Why can't we dance about American subjects? Over the first half of his career, Robbins attacked each new idea as something to be researchedreading, listening to music, viewing art works. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It was also to be Robbins last but he continued to push the limits of his art, exploring experimental theatre with the American Theatre Lab in the late 1960s, and returning triumphantly and joyously to ballet with works like Les Noces, Dances at a Gathering, Goldberg Variations, Glass Pieces, and many others. Or go and see West Side Story on Broadway. It was after Fiddler on the Roof that Robbins turned his attention more exclusively to the ballet. Jerry pushed me harder in Opus than in any other ballet. But Robbins most important legacy was the humanity of his art. 300. turning on one foot. On Balanchine's death in 1983, Robbins was appointed artistic director of New York City Ballet. Agnes de Mille and Jerome Robbins worked in musical theatre in what is widely regarded to be the industry's Golden Era. Robbins soon became not only king of Broadway, but also the first American-born ballet choreographer of international standing. Give me something to dance about and Ill dance it, he once told Irving Berlin. There he won audiences with his performances in Balanchines Prodigal Son, Tyl Ulenspiegel and other ballets, and with the innovative, character-based choreography of such works as The Guests, Age of Anxiety, and The Cage. registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, Robbins combined ballet, jazz, and pedestrian movements to create dance that conveyed the restless, dynamic energy of youth. The Rabinowitz family later moved to Weehawken, New Jersey, when Jerrys father and uncle opened the Comfort Corset Company. In 1962 he directed the American premiere of Arthur Kopit's mordant mother-son comedy, Oh, Dad, Poor Dad, Mama's Hung You In the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad and in 1963 a production of Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children starring Anne Bancroft. | He agonized over the demise of others, like his muse, Tanaquil Le Clercq, and the many dear friends who died during the AIDS epidemic. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The success of West Side Story was followed by a string of Broadway hits. Such desires influenced his choreographic style and the movements he chose. He retired in 1990 and continued to work on individual projects. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. My first rehearsal with the legendary choreographer was underway. March 2, 2023, By Tradition. He demonstrated with articulation that defied age. | The first quintessentially American choreographer, he fulfilled the American dream without ever fitting it: a small-town boy who. Moves was performed without music, relying solely on the stomps, slaps and footsteps of the cast to create meter. There are many elements of the original Fosse piece that you can see in this video; some of the opening dialogue, the set, the pony-tail hair throw, the dancers in cages, the isolations with punches and contractions, the knockout line from "The Heavyweight" section, the special effects, and more. Alternate titles: Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz. Jerry looked at her and asked with genuine concern, Oh, honey, what happened? He approached her with a hug, wanting to help her cope with whatever circumstance may have caused such hurt. Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in New York on October 11, 1918 and raised in Weehawken, New Jersey. What three dancers did Fred Astaire dance with? No matter how abstract the work, you always sense an undertow of character and feeling in Robbins's work. 300. In 1957 he enlisted his old collaborator Leonard Bernstein, plus the playwright Arthur Laurents and novice lyricist Stephen Sondheim, to re-imagine Romeo and Juliet for the gang-ridden streets of New York City. In 1965 Robbins resumed creating ballets with his acclaimed Les Noces. 2) Material Girl by Madonna The father of American jazz dance, Jack Cole, choreographed this number to Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend for Marilyn Monroe in the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. When you step, you want to be very careful not to break any twigs that might be underfoot. 2018 would have marked his 100th birthday, and much of the world is celebrating his tremendous influence. Opus 19/The Dreamer was the work that brought us into the studio together more than any other. Even in ballets with large casts and music by diverse composers, such as The Goldberg Variations (J.S. A detailed timeline of the events, works and influences of Jerome Robbins. I remember many words, many moments, his belief in my ability and even his understanding of my misses. Carol Lawrence, Jerome Robbins, Larry Kert, and the cast in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Friedman-Abeles The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Too slow, baby.. However, when he returned to the New York City Ballet as a ballet master in 1969, he was hungry to make only ballets, and for almost all of those that he choreographed between Dances at a Gathering and his last ballet, Brandenburg (1997), music became his principal generating source, as it was Balanchines. Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in Manhattan on October 11, 1918. Major Support for American Masters provided by. Once, after a particularly grueling rehearsal with a young soloist in the company, Jerry left the room. Soon Robbins was working with every major figure in musical theatre and with such shows as Billion Dollar Baby and High Button Shoes displaying an inexhaustible gift for combining character, comedy, and storytelling in dance. Robbins joined the newly formed New York City Ballet in 1949 and was quickly named associate artistic director under George Balanchine. The ire seemed to envelop and fuel him without any realization that a line was about to be crossed. Paws, kisses and a whole new mood. Christopher Browner But watching the hour-long ballet, you sense daylight, the outdoors, and friends celebrating together to the array of Chopin mazurkas, etudes, and waltzes. The second features chamber music masterpieces, including the composer's well-known String Quartet performed by Quartet Integra. hTKQ?3s]R3@!ew%"!g5 hbbd``b`9$;A l"&/LW,F? At a time when many people doubted that ballet could ever be an American art, Robbins made it one: his choreography encompassed contemporary neuroses, street style, urban cool and pretension-puncturing comedy. A multi-faceted individual, his work ranged from classical ballet to contemporary musical theater, and he also occasionally directed films and television programs. I also briefly considered correcting him on my name, but thought better of that, too. By Robbins never married or had children. His Broadway career is well represented by West Side Story (1957), a musical that transplants the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet to the gritty milieu of rival street gangs in New York City. He came down hard on artificiality and dancers who played to the audience. His second ballet, Interplay (1945), told no complicated story, but the frisky kids it depicted sometimes just sat down and rested or watched a romance develop in their territory. Two years later, in creating Afternoon of a Faun, he set his imprint on Claude Dbussys Prelude laprs midi dun faun, which accompanied Vaslav Nijinskys 1912 work for Serge Diaghilevs Ballets Russes. His style became increasingly abstract and classical, perhaps under the influence of his great idol George Balanchine, who headed the company. In the early 1940s, when young Jerome Robbins was a dancer in a newly founded company, Ballet Theatre, he already had ambitions to be a choreographer, and he finally presented a scenario that. "I was interested in many things. Jerome Robbins directs dancers in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Robbins combined ballet,. ", Carol Lawrence and Larry Kert in death scene from the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope and Scenic Design by Oliver Smith, Rosaria Sinisi The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Though I was working with Jerry frequently at this point, Prodigal was the first major role he coached me in. Does that make sense?. Robbins became the most sought-after choreographer on Broadway. Jerome Robbins died on July 29, 1998 at the age of 79 after suffering a stroke, leaving behind a monumental legacy that continues to be performed and honored. Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. I don't want to fall into profundities and artistry and surround everything with whipped cream. Robbins had told him to feel as if he were revisiting a place he had once known well and experiencing it both as it was now and as it had been. February 28, 2023, By QUICK FACTS Name: Jerome Robbins. He created such ballets as Interplay (1945) and Facsimile (1946). This is so much better than having to continue that rehearsal., Balanchine and Robbins working on 1972s Pulcinella at NYCB. The first quintessentially American choreographer, he fulfilled the American dream without ever fitting it: a small-town boy who made it big in ballet and on Broadway, he was also a self-proclaimed "Jewish ex-commie fag who had to go into a mental hospital". Omissions? Their mesmerizing waltz ends in a kiss, only lips touching, as the swirl--and battles--of the dance around them soon puncture their world. You have remained in right site to begin getting this info. Born Jerome Rabinowitz in 1918, he grew up in New Jersey and studied a range of dance styles including ballet, modern, Spanish, oriental and interpretive. He worked with and choreographed for the company until 1989, when he resigned from his position of co-ballet master in chief. NEH Award Details. The son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, Rabinowitz studied chemistry for one year at New York University before embarking on a career as a dancer in 1936. In 1948 Robbins joined the newly founded New York City Ballet (NYCB) as both dancer and choreographer, and the following year he became its associate artistic director under George Balanchine. He also created the dance sequences for the musicals Call Me Madam (1950), Rodgers and Hammersteins The King and I (1951), and The Pajama Game (1954); and he adapted, choreographed, and directed a musical version of Peter Pan (1954) that was subsequently adapted for television in 1955 and for which Robbins won an Emmy Award. (Robbins, who had been on the brink of marrying Kaye, had evidently decided against it.). (The original musical was successfully revived on Broadway in 1980.) Instead of clapping his hands to halt the music, Jerry always let out a high-pitched whistle, which left us feeling a bit like errant puppies. Soon, pops of ire and annoyance filled the room and attention shifted to intensified focus. His life was a tapestry of both triumphs and torture. He fought his way through . The dancer burst into tears. 844 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5DDC38BF4080E742ABDBCCEDC925291E>]/Index[838 16]/Info 837 0 R/Length 52/Prev 435984/Root 839 0 R/Size 854/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Jerome Robbins rehearsing West Side Story film.Copyright: The Robbins Rights Trust. The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Stories from The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dive into the world of the iconic musical. He often liked the dancing whether jazzy or classical to emerge naturally from walking or strolling. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Robbins joined the newly formed New York City Ballet in 1949 and was quickly named associate artistic director under George Balanchine. Prodigal Son. February 24, 2023. He also incorporated a smooth transition of weight transferring from the body to the toe and focused more on isolations, syncopations, and abrupt changes in direction. Agnes de Mille and Twyla Tharp are among the few choreographers who also crossed easily between ballet and Broadway. Starting with the mold-shattering Jerome Robbins was caught between the moon and New York City. Robbins made it in 1951 (the same year that The King and I, with his choreography, opened on Broadway). Bob Fosse. From the ballet world, Christopher Wheeldon is a fan. In his autobiographical work, The Poppa Piece, he confronted his own ghosts: Jewishness, bisexuality, family, betrayal, guilt. I didnt always get it right, but on one occasion Jerry came backstage with tears on his cheeks. After performing in several musicals, he joined Ballet Theatre (now American Ballet Theatre) in 1940, where he made his first piece at the age of 25, with a score by the equally young and unknown Leonard Bernstein. Something went wrong, please try again later. Tragedy awaits. During this extraordinary, prolific career, Mr. Robbins served on the National Council on the Arts from 1974 to 1980, and the New York State Council on the Arts/Dance Panel from 1973 to 1988. Deprived of a college education by the Depression, he began his career as a dancer in the experimental troupe of Gluck Sandor. Top Three Music Videos Influenced by Jazz Dance Masters "Beat It" by Michael Jackson Broadway giant, Jerome Robbins, had "Cool" take place in an empty garage in the 1961 movie version of West Side Story. Its references to Giselle are contemporary and unnerving; in it, pointe shoes are wielded like stingers. The music relied relatively more on composition and arrangement than on the individually improvised playing of other jazz . In 1964 he directed and choreographed Fiddler on the Roof, which became the longest running musical of its time. For his version of Wagner opera at the Metropolitan Opera, director Franois Girard went for a cosmic, fantastical setting. 195 0 obj <> endobj He returned to New York City Ballet three years later with Dances at a Gathering, one of his best-loved works, and never left. The Cage is set to Igor Stravinskys Concerto in D for String Orchestra. He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements. Jerome Robbins was caught between the moon and New York City. Chita Rivera, Carol Lawrence, Jerome Robbins, and Larry Kert in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Friedman-Abeles The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. General Info: 409.880.7011 4400 MLK Blvd., PO Box 10009, Beaumont, Texas 77710. I wanted to ask if the scout was an American Indian or an Indian from India, but decided to figure it out later. Jerome Robbins, original surname Rabinowitz, (born Oct. 11, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.died July 29, 1998, New York City), one of the most popular and imaginative American choreographers of the 20th century. Jerome Robbins was an American theater producer and dance choreographer best known for his work in Broadway Theater and ballet/dance. With the right pause, the next movement startled. The same programme is at Sadler's Wells in London, 1-5 December. Instead, Edward Villella stood alone onstage, his back to the audience, and began to dance almost tentatively to the Chopin piano piece being played. Did you hear the coughing? Accepting his sexuality was a near lifelong challenge. Jerome Robbins in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Friedman-Abeles The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. But threatened by exposure of his homosexuality, he at length agreed to testify before HUAC and named eight people. He was 24 years old and composer Leonard Bernstein scarcely a year older when they began to collaborate on Fancy Free. At the "Dance at the Gym," Tony and Maria see each other--and stand still. Jerome Robbins directs the cast in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. For three years he resisted. Jerry was a coach like no other. Jerome Robbins is valued as one of the most important artists of the 20th Century. Jerome Robbins directs dancers in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. The first program includes students from the Trudl Zipper Dance Institute, who will dance choreography by Jerome Robbins to live performances of Debussy's music. Robbins is world renowned as a successful choreographer and director in not only the musical theatre world . Just as he wanted dancers onstage to be versions of themselves, he wanted everything he made to be distinctive. He can be serious and symbolic (Les Noces, 1965), but also comic (The Concert is a send-up that surely inspired the Trocks). In 1944 Robbins choreographed his first, spectacularly successful ballet, Fancy Free, with a musical score by the young composer Leonard Bernstein. It was never shown: Robbins never finished it. . To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it. In the limpid Afternoon of a Faun, he emphasised the artifice. The costumes and props are the same in both numbers. Here in "Cool," the Jets are coiled and tense, trying to find control in a chaotic world. I stood by while he berated many dancers, ballet masters and pianists. Rhapsody, Todd Sams, Clifford McGhee and Bethany Strong are listed as choreographers for "Get Me Bodied." We always kept a supply on hand during rehearsals and when things got rough, the studio door was opened just enough to let a tail-wagging foil bound into the rehearsal room. From here on, so many greats took up jazz dance, each adding their own flair and influencing the others. Copyright 1991-2023 Playbill Inc. All Rights Reserved. Rehearsing In The Night with Monique Loudires at Paris Opra Ballet in 1989, Life in the rehearsal studio, however, was a different world. He never lost the desire to show communities onstage. Ballet, tap and ballroom. In the aftermath of HUAC he created some of his signature ballets Afternoon of a Faun and The Concert, both made for the ballerina Tanaquil Le Clercq and extended his theatrical reach to directing as well as choreographing with Pajama Game, Peter Pan, and Bells Are Ringing. Tomorrow you rehearse with Mr. Robbins.. Hear about the man and his work from the dancers, directors, and choreographers who worked with him. 838 0 obj <> endobj It's one of countless incidents during Robbins's career that showed him to be a harsh taskmaster. But with Jerry, it was always about the work and making the work as good as it could possibly be. He established and partially endowed the Jerome Robbins Film Archive of the Dance Collection of the New York City Public Library at Lincoln Center. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. On Balanchine's death in 1983, Robbins was appointed artistic director (alongside Peter Martins). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In his short career he developed a dance training technique that continued to be used by instructors into the . After Fiddler On the Roof in 1964, Robbins left musical theatre for good. My stories with Jerry took place during the last 22 years of his life. Brandenburg. Sometimes, it is hard to understand how they connect. 1960's socio-political . Jerome Robbins's Notes for the Somewhere ballet. Jerry determined at a young age that the "confines" of his family's business were too much for him. | Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in New York on October 11, 1918 and raised in Weehawken, New Jersey. What time did he wake up? Created on PowerPoint so therefore can be edited easily to provide the best resource for your students. Many would say that it was their innovative approach to choreography in musical theatre that . 30 films. With barely a word, the show begins with gangs stealing the stage from one another. He directed and choreographed Gypsy (1959) starring Ethel Merman, and supervised the production of both A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1962) with Zero Mostel and Funny Girl (1964) with Barbra Streisand. The world lost a legend that day, but fortunately for us, Fosse, a "dancin' man," left his footprints forever on the sands of time. Jerome Robbins directs Larry Kert and Carol Lawrence during rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Friedman-Abeles The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. New York City Ballet Celebrates Stravinsky and Balanchines Enduring Partnership This Spring, New York City Ballet Cancels Remaining Performances of, Choreographers Sidra Bell and Andrea Miller on Their Fall 2021 Premieres, How Sonya Yoncheva Is Bringing Her Experience as a Mother to, Lea Michele to Make Carnegie Hall Debut; Patti LuPone, Norm Lewis, More Will Return. When I finally made my entrance, Jerry stopped the pianist and headed towards me. Jerome Robbins Broadway, a compilation of excerpts from 11 Broadway musicals that Robbins had directed or choreographed, opened on Broadway in 1989. Moves, an experimental work originally created for Jerome Robbins Ballets: U.S.A. in 1959. Robbins created many important ballets for NYCB, some of the earliest being The Cage (1951), Afternoon of a Faun (1953), and The Concert (1956). If he did find release, it was in his work. Carol Lawrence rehearsing dance scene with unidentified actor for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope and Scenic Design by Oliver Smith, Rosaria Sinisi The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. The Jets and Sharks in West Side Story are not chorus boys. Theyre edgy, they hunker down into dancing or launch themselves into the air without denying that effort. I thought, Why cant we dance about American subjects? he said later. Mr. Cole describes his passion for dance by drawing from other cultures. It was quickly turned into a big Broadway musical, On the Town, and then an even bigger Hollywood film, starring Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra. Jerome Robbins . TUCSON . The new production of Wagner's opera opened February 26. The aesthetics of jazz dance have forever made an impact on the dance world. Fun Facts He worked on a string of hits, many of which became films: The King and I, The Pajama Game, Gypsy, Fiddler On the Roof and, most famous of all, West Side Story. But in terms of personal background and stylistic interest, Robbins had more in common with his contemporary Leonard Bernstein, with whom he worked several times. "Anna Kisselgoff, New York Times, 1998, "Robbins sought to turn the humble musical comedy into something approaching a totally unified work of art. New York City Ballet was not unfamiliar to him; he had performed in the company and made ballets for it during the late 1940s and early 1950s, juggling that job and stints choreographing musicals.
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