39, 2737 (2020). Google Scholar. Liang, L. et al. g;"a"E^X @; J. Phys. performed the life cycle assessments mentored by J.A. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Chem. Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. Eng. Based on the total number of deaths reported in Brazil in 2019 and 2020, we constructed period life tables and calculated the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 by state and sex (Methods). PubMed Central Med. Expected Impact : Applicants are expected to define, calculate, explain and achieve ambitious and credible impacts in terms of conservation benefit, ensuring at the same time long term sustainability and . The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. %PDF-1.7 and JavaScript. The transformation relies on an (i) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, (ii) optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) a highly efficient esterification driven by hydrophobicity. Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). and C.M.T. and C.M.T. Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. ADS In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications DT19 and DT20 assess the effect of including and excluding, respectively, only deaths for which COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate. You can alreadyfind all information and documentation needed at theFunding & Tenders Portal, includingthe call text and application forms. Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. Assists in troubleshooting SAP transactions; provide support to operations and maintenance. Bars, organized by major regions, show changes for the states. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. X.iieS(,& For comparison, we also evaluated the hydrolysis using 0.8M aq. Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . Instead, we envisioned a 23 step method from crosslinked sodium polyacrylate: (i) acid-catalyzed or base-mediated decrosslinking to generate linear polymers, (ii) optional sonication to lower the molar mass, and (iii) functionalizing via esterification to generate tack (Fig. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). %PDF-1.7 Zekry, M., Nassar, I., Salim, H. & Abdallah, A. Clean. quizlet cosmetology. Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. Lotta, G., Wenham, C., Nunes, J. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles stream Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. Between 1945 and 2020, e0 in Brazil increased from 45.5 years to 76.7 years10, an average of almost 5 months per calendar year. Trans. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. Process Saf. Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. Chem. We offer five reasons as to why. Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). Created a powerful network of specialist vendors Key qualities and experiences: Project delivery of complicated, multi stream, long-term projects from inception to BAU Business process optimization. 364, 19851998 (2009). U.S. Patent Application 2021/0054161 A1 (February 25, 2021). 2 0 obj 166, 108304 (2020). Bauer, W., Jr. Acrylic acid and derivatives. Preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives from post-consumer superabsorbent polymers. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. Ranzani, O. T. et al. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. & van der Schaar, M. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). produced all visualization. 6, 35893595 (2018). {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). Marinho, F. et al. 44, 11491154 (1979). Political and institutional perils of Brazils COVID-19 crisis. 8). The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. served as a sounding board throughout the project. and S.K. On the final day of the Team Girls Cup, I went for a morning trip to Surfers Paradise for a swim and quality time with the family. Z., Sohail, N., Hayes, R. L. & Brooks, C. L. Overcoming challenging substituent perturbations with multisite -dynamics: A case study targeting -secretase 1. Proven ability to identify and interpret a. Teikti paraik ia. States are colored according to major regions. For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. Nature and Biodiversity ). To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. Simes, C. C. S. Breve histrico do processo demogrfico. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. Several routes for converting the polyacrylic acid into a polyacrylate were compared. Sci. 276, 123350 (2020). Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). Google Scholar. First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. Article Stab. Jan 2021- Apr 20214 months Calgary, Alberta, Canada ENCI 693 - Project Engineering Management was a industry-led course for the graduate students majoring in Project Management at the Department. Health 7, e1575e1583 (2019). A large study showed a higher risk of death 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis, even among those who did not require hospitalization34. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. Anne J. McNeil. NaOH and mild heating (Fig. Green. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or Commission has launched on 17 May 2022 the LIFE Programme Calls for proposals. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Philos. The resulting chain-shortened PAAP&G fragments were then dialyzed to remove excess acid, lyophilized, and then ground into a powder. Adv. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9. Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. <> As of 9 June 2021, COVID-19 has officially claimed more than 3.7 million lives worldwide, 48% of which were in the Americas. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). 1c), broadly mirroring the patterns across states (Fig. Chem. Article CAS 4d). Sci. defined the methodology. Thank you for visiting nature.com. USA 118, e2019536118 (2021). D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. Commercial polymers are ubiquitous, with a global annual production of approximately 368 million metric tons1, with about 75% of plastics disposed of after a single use2. Frequently Asked Questions By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. First, we estimate that COVID-19 deaths in the first 4 months of 2021 have already reduced e0 by 1.8 years, and the ultimate effect on 2021 e0 will be even greater. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK XWPH.c0vyT0GA&AEO_18Py7%ZN&d"h%I.[Al} xlTBbp~VXaUL|y17 Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. Italian Institute for Environmental Tobing, S. D. & Klein, A. Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. Science 371, 288292 (2021). Sonochem. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). Report 19: the potential impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV, TB and malaria in low- and middle-income countries. The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. Chem. Here, we assumed that individuals who did not die of COVID-19 in the first 4 months of 2021 would be subject to the 2019 age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates. Nat Commun 12, 4524 (2021). Also in May 2021, the first case of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), first detected in India, was reported in Brazil26. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (January-April) to those reported in 2020 (%). March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais; RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Because in-hospital COVID-19 deaths represent 89% of all COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021, we use them to proxy for the agesex distributions of all COVID-19 deaths. Second, we used deaths from all causes by age, sex, cause of death and state of residence provided by the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health for 2019 (n=1,345,543) and 2020 (n=1,541,556). Coates, G. W. & Getzler, Y. D. Y. L. Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. 1 0 obj Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. T.A., S.G. and S.K. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. Of the gains achieved in e0 in Brazil over 2 decades, 19% were lost due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 8). Castro, M. C. et al. Brazils unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Baqui, P., Bica, I., Marra, V., Ercole, A. 239, 255261 (2019). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance 19 , 2021 LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Demography 43, 647657 (2006). All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript editing. As of 25 May 2021, 20 of the 27 capital cities have intensive care unit occupancy above 80% (half of those above 90%)20. Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. Soc. We calculate three sets of estimates of life expectancy decline but argue that those based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020, which include all reported deaths in those 2 years, are the most defensible because they do not depend on accurate classification of cause of death, determination of whether the death was directly or indirectly due to COVID-19 or assumptions about independence among causes. For example, FaterSMART, a Proctor and Gamble (P&G) affiliated company, has developed and implemented a diaper recycling facility that includes used diaper acquisition, steam sterilization, shredding, and separation into the purified raw materials (cellulosics, superabsorbent polymer, and polyolefins)29. As of 29 May 2021, the number of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil was 137% of those reported in 2020; in Amazonas, for every COVID-19 death in 2020, there have been 1.5 deaths in 2021. We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). ACS Macro Lett. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal decomposition of super absorbent polymers. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. Popul. Chem. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (\({\,}_n^ \ast D_x\)). Caruso, M. M. et al. axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. ACS Sustain. Soil Environ. Self-wetting adhesive composition. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. Therefore, we estimated the provisional decline in life expectancy in 2021 thus far; this estimate is based on the DT19 method noted earlier but, in this case, adding confirmed 2021 COVID-19 deaths to the deaths expected among those who did not die of COVID-19, who are assumed to be subject to 2019 mortality rates for the remainder of 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). Different PSAs were targeted simply by varying the sonication times. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. This was the case for 12 of the 27 states (Fig. Second, COVID-19 disrupted primary care services in Brazil27. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) Page contents Details Description Details Status Closed Publication date 17 May 2022 Opening date 17 May 2022 Deadline model Single-stage Deadline date 04 October 2022, 17:00 (CEST) Funding programme Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Department Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. hypno youtube. We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) B., Bell, J. J. Org. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature On. Marcia C. Castro. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. % Tbuas Abreviadas de Mortalidade por Sexo e Idade. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. Cad. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments 3, e1700782 (2017). It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could .
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