2020 Aug;54(16):949-959. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102596, Li Z, Zheng C, Duan C, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 13;69(45):1695-1699. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6945e2, Chopra V, Flanders SA, OMalley M, et al. You may also have: Fatigue Chills Nausea or vomiting The researchers then identified new conditions occurring 3 weeks or more after each participants COVID-19 diagnosis. It can be difficult to distinguish symptoms caused by post-COVID conditions from symptoms that occur for other reasons. You might also find that you cant exercise like you used to. | By. However, workup and testing should not be delayed when there are signs and symptoms of urgent and potentially life-threatening clinical conditions (e.g., pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, pericarditis with effusion, stroke, renal failure). But they continued to have lingering symptoms of COVID-19, including shortness of breath, cough, gastrointestinal problems, headache, or fatigue. Commonly reported symptoms include: * Post-exertional malaise (PEM)is the worsening of symptoms following even minor physical or mental exertion, with symptoms typically worsening 12 to 48 hours after activity and lasting for days or even weeks. Shortness of breath (dyspnea) or trouble breathing. The World Health Organization renamed the virus COVID-19 for coronavirus disease 2019. Preliminary evidence on long COVID in children. Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA). Fever. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Based upon ours and similar studies that have been published, the picture of [long COVID] is becoming more clear., New research looking at the data of 85 people who died with COVID-19 found that most of these were older males with underlying chronic health. More Than 50 Long-Term Effects of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Accessed at: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.21253225v2. Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. This can start in one part of your lung and spread. The targets are the immune cells: macrophages and T cells. Evanston, IL 60201. COVID-19 pneumonia is a serious illness that can be deadly. Dr. Estores said extending the studys observation time could also be a way to develop the research. The paper said that while numerous cases Again, this is a theory because if we think about what protects us from heart attacks, strokes, and cancer and other things, its our immune system. Dr. Cohen said he and his colleagues have plans to continue the research. 2019 Jan;16(1):59-64. doi:10.30773/pi.2018.10.22.3. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Continuity of care is important in the management of post-COVID conditions. Lastly, patient advocacy groups have raised concerns that some post-COVID conditions have been either misdiagnosed as or misattributed to psychiatric causes or deconditioning, particularly among persons who belong to groups that have been marginalized or disproportionately impacted. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Characterization of Prolonged COVID-19 Symptoms in an Outpatient Telemedicine Clinic. One of the scientific communitys main concerns regarding the potential after-effects of COVID-19 infection is the development of pulmonary fibrosis. You can review and change the way we collect information below. JAMA. Symptom inventories and assessment tools, such as those embedded within electronic health records at many healthcare organizations, can help evaluate and monitor the status of post-COVID conditions. The term post-COVID conditions is an umbrella term for the wide range of physical and mental health consequences experienced by some patients that are present four or more weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by patients who had initial mild or asymptomatic acute infection. It can take time to feel better after you have pneumonia. He wasn't on FaceBook so his views on the subject are unknown. But If you have enough beds and health care providers, you can keep the mortality to 20%. The NHS has warned that the lung condition can lead to symptoms such as a phlegm-producing cough. In the most critical cases, your lungs need help from a machine called a ventilator to do their job. CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Researchers are actively studying the prevalence, mechanism, duration, and severity of symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as risk factors associated with post-COVID conditions. Arch Med Res. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Theres evidence that 20-30% of the critically ill patients can develop clots in the lungs, heart, brain and legs, some of which are life threatening. Accessed at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6927e2.htm, DT Arnold, A Milne, E Samms, et al. FDA-approved or over-the-counter medications, as well as vitamin or electrolyte supplements, may be helpful for indicated illnesses (e.g., headache, anxiety) or documented deficiencies (e.g., vitamin deficiency) after carefully weighing the benefits and risks of pharmaceutical interventions. The overwhelming We saw a higher risk of respiratory failure, dementia, and post-viral fatigue in the COVID-19 group, compared to the lower respiratory tract infection group, but the other sequelae did not occur with a higher frequency in the COVID-19 group.. The group looked at symptoms to 120 days. Doctors call this ground glass.. The COVID Lung Ultrasound Study (COVIDLUS) aimed to investigate the utility of serial lung ultrasound (LUS) to track functional and physiological recovery after hospitalisation in patients with CP. This is where oxygen goes into your blood and carbon dioxide comes out. The researchers believe this altered immune response explains why COVID-19 pneumonia takes longer to develop and extends hospital stays. And when the immune system receives such a hit, I think it may have less ability, defenses, or physiological reserve to do its other duties, like monitoring for cancer cells, monitoring for the things it normally does., So COVID-19 may accelerate what was already coming if we have tendencies that were coming our way, or it may create new injuries that the body then has to deal with. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? At this time, no laboratory test can definitively distinguish post-COVID conditions from other conditions with different etiologies, in part due to the heterogeneity of post-COVID conditions. The lining can become irritated and inflamed. Reasons for these wide-ranging estimates include: CDC posts data on post-COVID conditions and provides analyses, the most recent of which can be found on the U.S. Census Bureaus Household Pulse Survey. Gommers, K.M. Some people, especially those who had severe COVID-19, experience multiorgan effects or autoimmune conditions with symptoms lasting weeks, months, or As a result, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit, they were prepared to collect fluid from the lungs of these patients in a safe and systematic manner and compare it with fluid collected from other ICU patients with pneumonia collected before the pandemic. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Am J Med. When material, employment, or other social support needs are identified, healthcare professionals should consider referral themselves (if they are knowledgeable and able) and engaging a social worker, case worker, community health worker, or similarly trained professional to assist. 2021 Feb 1;4(2):e210830. Authors: Jacobo Sellars, director of the Interstitial Lung Disease Working Group, and Oriol Sibila, Head of Department at the Hospital Respiratory Care. ICD-10-CM coding guidance can be found at 2022 ICD-10-CM Guidelines [583 KB, 115 pages], pages 30-31 (Section I.C.1.g.1.m). Dr. Arbaje speculated that the increase in sequelae in the COVID-19 group could be due to the significant effect of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on a persons immune system, as well as the way COVID-19 can damage many parts of a persons body. Severe illness due to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the previous variants often involves the infection and inflammation of the lungs. T RM cell accumulation relies on elevated TGF- For patients who may require imaging based on clinical findings, symptom management and a rehabilitation plan can often be initiated simultaneously with the imaging workup. Santoli JM, Lindley MC, DeSilva MB, et al. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Long COVID manifests as persistent symptoms in people who have recovered from the acute phase of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet. The virus enters a healthy cell and uses the cell to make new virus parts. the increased risk for incidental findings. In patients with normal chest x-rays and normal oxygen saturation, computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest might have lower yield for assessing pulmonary disease. The Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team (PACT): A Multidisciplinary, Collaborative, Ambulatory Framework Supporting COVID-19 Survivors. Best food forward: Are algae the future of sustainable nutrition? Post-acute COVID-19 outcomes in children with mild and asymptomatic disease. The current hypothesis is that these lesions are a result of the inflammation caused by the virus itself, along with the consequences of mechanical ventilation in patients who require intubation. Though the effects of hospitalization may not be unique to COVID-19 illness, they are considered post-COVID conditions if they occur after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and persist for four or more weeks. 2021 Jan 30. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab080. The other broad category is those with milder infection not requiring hospitalization, and here, we have fewer answers. Healthcare professionals can provide information on peer support resources (e.g., patient support groups, online forums). Stals, M.V. A new national study will investigate the long-term effects of lung inflammation and scarring from COVID-19. 2020 Jun;56(3):339-344. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06298-X. Within three to six months, you may feel a bit tired and eventually symptom-free. Depression as a Mediator of Chronic Fatigue and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Survivors. New research finds that the antibodies that the body produces in response to COVID-19 vaccines reduce in number by 57% after 6 months. Symptoms not explained by, or out of proportion to, objective findings are not uncommon after COVID-19 and should not be dismissed, even if there is not yet a full understanding of their etiology or their expected duration. Long COVID and Health Inequities: The Role of Primary Care. Case study found that a patient who had Parkinson's Disease and who died after receiving third Covid-19 vaccination had developed necrotizing encephalitis in the brain, and spike proteins from the vaccine were present in the location of the inflammation. The walls of the sacs can thicken, making it very hard for you to breathe. Scientific knowledge is still limited, including what causes symptoms and how often they occur. medRxiv. Our goal is to make COVID-19 mild instead of severe, making it comparable to a bad cold, said study co-senior author Dr. Scott Budinger, chief of pulmonary and critical care medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Medicine. When health systems are overwhelmed mortality rates double up to 40%.. Dr. Estores said the findings may be due to the limited knowledge doctors currently have of how to care for patients following the acute phase of COVID-19. BMJ. WebThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented surge in hospitalised patients with viral pneumonia. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. You may also have: If your COVID-19 infection starts to cause pneumonia, you may notice things like: About 15% of COVID-19 cases are severe. 2021 Apr 9. doi:10.1111/apa.15870, Say D, Crawford N, McNab S, et al. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13700, Donnelly JP, Wang XQ, Iwashyna TJ, et al. Kruip, N.J.M. 2021 Apr 28. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab338, Hernandez-Romieu AC, Leung S, Mbanya A, et al. Dr. Arbaje was also not involved in the study. 2019 Jun;15(2):98-101. doi:10.1183/20734735.0013-2019, Lavery AM, Preston LE, Ko JY, et al. However, researchers have shown that the disease can affect multiple organs in a persons body. Ann Intern Med. Check with your local health department about testing availability. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is conducting a research project, called the RECOVER Initiative, to understand how people recover from a COVID-19 infection and why some people do not fully recover and develop long COVID or post-COVID conditions. Sensitivity to and awareness of stigma, completing a full clinical evaluation, and maintaining an attitude of empathy and understanding can help address these concerns. 2021 May 4. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.010, Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini M, et al. Int J Clin Pract. Video transcript Long-term effects of COVID-19 Post-COVID-19 syndrome could be a long haul (podcast) Post-COVID-19 recovery Post-COVID-19 recovery care at Mayo Clinic Post-COVID-19 research 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. People experiencing homelessness or housing instability as well as people in correctional facilities may also experience challenges accessing healthcare and other support services. Pulmonology Department at Hospital Clnic de Barcelona. How I Do It: Rapid Design and Implementation of Post-COVID-19 Clinics. Patients who experienced multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS)during or after COVID-19 illness may be at higher risk for on-going multiorgan system effects and post-COVID conditions. Characteristics of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Discharged and Experiencing Same-Hospital Readmission United States, March-August 2020. 2021 Mar 31. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.03.044, OBrien H, Tracey MJ, Ottewill C, et al. For the study, scientists performed a high-resolution analysis of the lung fluid of 86 COVID-19 patients on a ventilator and compared it with lung fluid from 256 patients on a ventilator who had other types of pneumonia. In conclusion, the mid- and long-term after effects of COVID-19 are still not well understood. How much or how little should be done? asked Dr. Estores. On a chest CT, they may see something they call ground-glass opacity because it looks like the frosted glass on a shower door. Orthostatic vital signsshould be evaluated for individuals reporting postural symptoms, dizziness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, or malaise. Lancet Infect Dis. Patient Led Research for COVID-19, 2020. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. In this Spotlight, we look at the top underdiagnosed conditions in. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. People who live in nursing homes or who have other health problems like these also have higher chances of more severe illness with COVID-19: Someone who has a weakened immune system may be more likely to get severe COVID-19 illness, too. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and antigen testing are not 100% sensitive. Tell him or her if you have other health conditions. Are vaccines safe in patients with Long COVID? Still, it can support your overall health, especially if youre older or have a weak immune system. These patients are very sick. The CDC states that well-fitting respirator masks (like N95s and KN95s) provide better protection than other masks. Support groups are connecting individuals, providing support, and sharing resources for persons affected by COVID-19 (see Resources). Some people have pneumonia, a lung infection in which the alveoli are inflamed. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. After about 7 days it can progress to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome when the patient may require life support. COVID-19 was only identified in 2019 and scientists are learning more every day about what it can do to your lungs. Confusion. Complications of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 Because pneumonia causes the alveoli in the lungs to fill with pus and fluid, breathing can be painful and difficult. At the pulmonary level, it is known that a significant percentage of patients who have had a serious form of the illness present changes to respiratory function after three months of being discharged from hospital. J Gen Intern Med. 2nd Floor The severe complications of COVID-19 compared with other pneumonias might be related to the long course of disease rather than more severe disease, the study authors said. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14357, Rando HM, Bennett TD, Byrd JB, et al. The study also revealed why the mortality among patients on a ventilator for COVID-19 was lower than patients on a ventilator due to regular pneumonia, the study reports. A comprehensive management plan focusing on improving physical, mental, and social well-being may be helpful for some patients. Characterization of Patients Who Return to Hospital Following Discharge from Hospitalization for COVID-19. This includes smokers, people being treated for cancer, people who have had a bone marrow transplant, people who have HIV or AIDS thats not under control, and anyone who takes medications that slow the immune system, like steroids. Healthcare professionals should use caution when conducting exercise capacity testing with some patients, especially those withpost-exertional malaise(i.e., the worsening of symptoms following even minor physical or mental exertion, with symptoms typically worsening 12 to 48 hours after activity and lasting for days or even weeks). They may fill up with so much fluid and pus that its hard to breathe. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. The study suggests macrophages cells typically charged with protecting the lung can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and can contribute to spreading the infection through the lung. Some people experience COVID-19 rebound after treating the initial disease with Paxlovid. When the virus gets in your body, it comes into contact with the mucous membranes that line your nose, mouth, and eyes. A high percentage of patients who have suffered serious illness as a result of Now he's died of Covid pneumonia. For purposes of entry into the United States, vaccines accepted will include FDA approved or authorized and WHO Emergency Use Listing vaccines. What is known so far about the persistence of these symptoms? Over the coming months, determining both the real incidence of after-effects and how to treat them is of high importance, in order to understand the full impact of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 in patients. This can make it harder for your body to take in oxygen. We aimed to investigate the clinical effects of intravenous glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. It is observed that 40% display changes to respiratory function a month after discharge, although the large majority of patients can carry out their day-to-day activities with no restrictions. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces in your home that you touch often, such as countertops and keyboards. Autoimmune conditions can also occur after COVID-19. When COVID pneumonia develops, it causes additional symptoms, such as: Shortness of breath Increased heart rate Low blood pressure What's more is that COVID However, pneumococcal carriers, especially children, were at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. In severe pneumonia, lungs are filled with inflammatory material. 2021 May;8(5):416-427. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00084-5, Barker-Davies RM, OSullivan O, Senaratne KPP, et al. For these patients, and others who may not have the stamina for extended or lengthy assessments, modifications in the testing plan may also be needed. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Smoking Pot Every Day Linked to Heart Risks, Artificial Sweetener Linked to Heart Risks, FDA Authorizes First At-Home Test for COVID and Flu, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Most people who develop COVID-19 fully recover, but current evidence suggests approximately 10%-20% of people experience a variety of mid- and long-term effects after they recover from their initial illness. At the pulmonary level, a recent article analyses patients discharged from intensive care units after suffering a serious illness. Symptoms that persist beyond three months should prompt further evaluation. This is the first study in which scientists analyzed immune cells from the lungs of COVID-19 pneumonia patients in a systematic manner and compared them to cells from patients with pneumonia from other viruses or bacteria. You may feel more tired than usual for a while. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Medical treatments plus 2021 Mar 1. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3769978, Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequalae of COVID-19. To receive email updates about COVID-19, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Signs of this potentially fatal complication. While patients may still recover after 12 weeks, persistent illness becomes more likely. Those with COVID-19 pneumonia are sick for a long time, but the inflammation in their lungs is not as severe as regular pneumonia. Some of these types of conditions were also reported in patients following severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), two other life-threatening illnesses resulting from coronavirus infections. Health Care Utilization and Clinical Characteristics of Nonhospitalized Adults in an Integrated Health Care System 28-180 Days After COVID-19 Diagnosis Georgia, May 2020-March 2021. Anyone can get COVID-19 pneumonia, but its more likely in people who are 65 or older. Br J Sports Med. Most older adults are under traditional Medicare, which would be more representative if the study had focused in that space. Congestion. This level of resolution could never be achieved without directly sampling lung fluid, said study co-senior author Dr. Alexander Misharin, an assistant professor of pulmonary and critical care medicine at Feinberg and a Northwestern Medicine physician. Furthermore, since people from racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by some chronic conditions that have characterized post-COVID conditions, new or worsening symptoms from these conditions might not be recognized as post-COVID conditions, leading to underestimation of post-COVID conditions prevalence in these populations. A Multidisciplinary NHS COVID-19 Service to Manage Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in the Community. For instance, how safely can we start rehabilitation interventions? WebFlu vaccines and anti-pneumonia shots are being looked into as one of countermeasures against COVID-19. WebCOVID-19 pneumonia did not improve after receiving treatment with GCs. Accessed at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/1april2021, Chevinsky JR, Tao G, Lavery AM, et al. Clin Infect Dis. Are There Treatments for COVID-19 Pneumonia? Free COVID testing is available in most communities. JAMA. These can be precursors to pulmonary fibrosis. Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation in the tiny air sacs inside your lungs. Lung effects from COVID pneumonia may persist. A high percentage of patients who have suffered serious illness as a result of COVID-19, for example pneumonia, continue to experience after-effects from the disease months after being discharged. CDC uses the term post-COVID conditions(PCC) as an umbrella term for the wide range of health consequences that can be presentfour or more weeksafter infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. People who belong to racial and ethnic minority populations have experienced a higher burden of COVID-19in part because of structural racism and longstanding disparities in social determinants of healthwhich has led to a higher incidence of post-COVID conditions in some of these same populations. Others might require directed diagnostic testing with the understanding that such clinical assessments might be uninformative, and that potential harms could arise from excessive testing such as: For most patients with possible post-COVID conditions, healthcare professionals might choose a conservative diagnostic approach in the first four to 12 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most severely affected patients are older men, individuals of black and Asian minority ethnicity and those with comorbidities. Coronaviruses cause respiratory illnesses, so the lungs are usually affected first. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, one that especially reaches into your respiratory tract, which includes your lungs. 2021 Apr;27(4):601-615. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z, Policy Brief 39 In the Wake of the Pandemic Preparing for Long COVID. Petersen LR, Sami S, Vuong N, et al. If you've been exposed to someone with the virus or have COVID-19 Grant is a graduate student in the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience program; Dr. Luisa Morales-Nebreda is a pulmonary and critical care fellow in the Physician Scientist Training Program at Northwestern; Nikolay Markov is is a computational postdoctoral fellow in the division of pulmonary and critical care medicine. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up. These effects can include severe weakness and. 2021 Apr 7. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5612, Office of National Statistics. For information of CDC research, see Science behind Long COVID. You may have trouble breathing or feel short of breath. Your lungs and airways swell and become inflamed. First, because it focuses on older adults, and this is the population thats most likely to demonstrate long-term effects from this infection, and so I think its important and timely given the phase of the pandemic that were in., A year ago, 2 years ago, we were asking, How do we treat this illness? Instead of rapidly infecting large regions of the lung, the virus causing COVID-19 sets up shop in multiple small areas of the lung. A prospective observational study. Int J Clin Pract. Ir J Med Sci. Understanding of post-COVID conditions remains incomplete. You might have severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These mid- and long-term effects are collectively known as post COVID-19 condition or long COVID. Although the full impact of the lesions is currently unknown, various centres are monitoring these patients to be able to detect the potential development of pulmonary fibrosis early, including post-COVID consultation at Hospital Clnic. Exercise capacity tests should be scheduled for a dedicated follow-up appointment so that patients can prepare additional home supports. Post-COVID conditions are heterogeneous and may be attributable to different underlying pathophysiologic processes. The researchers matched these participants to three other comparison groups: two groups that did not have COVID-19 in 2020 and 2019, and a third group that did not have COVID-19 but had a lower respiratory tract infection. Your blood may also be low in oxygen. Now he's died of Covid pneumonia. These include low lymphocytes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Heres what the new coronavirus does to your lungs. Optimizing management of underlying medical conditions might include counseling on lifestyle components such as nutrition, sleep, and stress reduction (e.g., meditation). SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is part of the coronavirus family. Lam MH, Wing YK, Yu MW, et al. Stay home and avoid others as much as you can. Transparency is important for the process of goal setting; healthcare professionals should advise patients that post-COVID conditions are not yet well understood and assure them that support will continue to be provided as new information emerges. This is typically the first stage of infection that occurs after a pneumonia infection has dominated one of the lobes in your lung. You might also have more serious pneumonia. Older adults and people who have other health conditions like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes may have more serious symptoms. A chest CT scan may show patchy areas of damage in both your lungs. Creating a comprehensive rehabilitation plan may be helpful for some patients, and might include physical and occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, or vocational therapy, as well as neurologic rehabilitation for cognitive symptoms. The researchers note similar findings for the 2019 comparison group. Kaptein, J. van Paassen, M.A.M. Compared with the 2020 comparison group, the new or persistent conditions that showed the greatest risk were respiratory failure, fatigue, high blood pressure, memory issues, kidney injury, mental health-related diagnoses, hypercoagulability which occurs when the blood clots more easily and cardiac rhythm disorders.