This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Figure 2. endobj For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. neighborhood. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. Asian Pac J Trop Med. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. 2015;14:307. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). sensitive skin immediately. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. Extraction Process For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of 2 0 obj 2009;9:26458. J Vector Ecol. 2011;1:S1138. J Genetic. 2015;437:2826. Govindarajan et al. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Plant Health Instructor. 2009;2009:e908085. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. J Ethnopharmacol. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. 0:45 . Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. Parasitol Res. The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. 2016;115:180716. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). [6] and Tawatsin et al. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. 1997;123:37986. Terms and Conditions, For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Phytother Res. arabiensis. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. The SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. Parasitol Res. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. dirus. The study by Sritabutra et al. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. 2012;49:86. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. It is a plant and has many uses. 2005;42:95. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. bottle. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. reactions. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. Position the pot cover inside out of the strainer and make sure that the tip is Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. Review of Literature. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. Parasitol Res. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Pak J Weed Sci Res. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. 2002;96:22531. This is another area for additional research. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? Videos for related products. [].Ansari et al. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. 3 0 obj Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Saudi J Biol Sci. 1989;34:7796. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Ansari et al. CAS endobj Cite this article. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. Parasitol Res. insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Basically, a repellent 1st ed. dirus, respectively. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. 2000;73:20711. J Parasitol Res. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to 2003;10:1814. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Province. attempts A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Parasitol Res. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, Steam Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. [4]. dirus [43]. 2012;2:6027. Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. 2016;6:9738. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. J Agric Biol Sci. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. 2014;28:2536. J Commun Dis. CAS The oil of Citronella has been used for stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- stephensi, respectively. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Pol J Microbiol. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. Privacy Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. 2011;5:1022. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. 2010;106:121723. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a 2001;26:7682. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Med Vet Entomol. 2000;71:26771. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. They are important tools of public be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. By using this website, you agree to our In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass stephensi. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. P. 19. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose stephensi. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Almehmadi RM. Parasitol Res. 2008;15:1012. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. skin. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. J Vector Borne Dis. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. bites has not yet been completely clarified. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI Trop Biomed. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. dirus. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Phytochemistry. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Google Scholar. insect repellent. Parasitol Res. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2009;27:2632. gambiae was identified. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2008;103:52934. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. J Herb Spice Med Plants. 2014;13:209. 2006;1:911. 2006;99:478. 2009;41:28. The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. No fuss. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as DEET Sci. repellent. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. 2014;4:S21420. The oil of the ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Authors Daniel A H . 2016;23:2322838. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. This process can be used for purifying liquids with Article Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. 2010;20:16728. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) that does not guarantee the safety of their families. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of