GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. Clinical trends among U.S. adults hospitalized with COVID-19, March to December 2020: a cross-sectional study. Baxter, R., Bartlett. 384, 403416 (2021). Wkly. Internet Explorer). Google Scholar. Objectives To develop and implement a scoring tool to identify COVID-19 patients that are at risk for severe illness during the Omicron wave. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccine 31, 21652168 (2013). Further information on research design is available in theNature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article. ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. In this design, we used Cox proportional hazards models with calendar days as the underlying scale to estimate hazard ratios and calculated vaccine effectiveness as 1 minus the hazard ratio. N. Engl. From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed their primary vaccination series and received an additional or booster dose of vaccine on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after the completion of their primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator, and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). 552a; 44 U.S.C. B, Severe outcomes included hospitalization and death. Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. wrote the initial manuscript. The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, through building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.. Data about boosters was only available for those over 50. Laurie M. Billing and Kenzie Teno report grants from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists during the conduct of the study. Mortal. Dagan, N. et al. During the Omicron dominant period, receipt of 2 doses during pregnancy reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 21% (95% CI: 21, 48) during the first 2 months of life, 14% (95% CI: 8, 32) during the first 4 months of life, and 13% (95% CI: 3, 26) during the first 6 months of life (Table2). E. & Klein, N. P. Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. It's not clear which variant might have been associated with these hospitalizations. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between the Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The TND analyses avoid this bias by limiting the analysis to infants who were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. The outcomes were the infants first positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, and the first COVID-19-related hospitalization, occurring during the first 6 months of life and recorded in the electronic health record. 189, 13791388 (2020). Our study was strengthened both by its large sample size and our ability to follow infants through 6 months of age. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Although hospitalization rates increased for all adults, rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among adults who had received a primary series and a booster or additional dose. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. The exposure of interest was mRNA COVID-19 vaccination status during pregnancy in the electronic health record. Second, vaccination status is subject to misclassification; this might affect estimation of rates by vaccination status. Zerbo, O. et al. State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider U.S. regulators had authorized the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years in October, prior to the Omicron surge. Klein, N. P. et al. Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). ICU admission status was missing in 1.3% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are included in other analyses. In supplemental analyses by trimester of vaccination, receipt of the second dose during the second and third trimesters reduced the risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during the Delta dominant period by 91% (95% CI: 63, 98) and 85% (95% CI: 50, 96), respectively, during the first 2 months of life, by 59% (95% CI: 21, 79) and 67% (95% CI: 37, 83) during the first 4 months of life and by 64% (95% CI:31, 81) and 53% (95% CI: 24, 71) during the first 6 months of life. Just 28% of children in the age group - around 8 million . Article The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. All authors reviewed the manuscript. The study provides evidence that a previous omicron infection in triple-vaccinated individuals provides high amounts of protection against BA.5 and BA.2 infections. KPNC has a comprehensive electronic health record system (Kaiser Permanente HealthConnect, a customized EPIC system), that captures detailed information on all medical services, including immunization, membership enrollment including place of residence, demographics, and pregnancy-related care from pregnancy onset to delivery, and beyond. Data were available for researchers who meet the criteria for access to Kaiser Permanente Northern California confidential data. part 56; 42 U.S.C. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). J. Med. Overall, the study results support recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy to protect both mothers and their infants. Estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron or delta symptomatic infection and severe outcomes. As a result, the number of total hospitalizations exceeds the sum of unvaccinated adults, adults who received a primary series without a booster or additional dose, and adults who received a primary series with a booster or additional dose. Models in this analysis were adjusted for the same covariates included in the primary analysis. Risk was especially high for people with severe combined immunodeficiency (HR, 6.2). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Perm. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could be used with traveler-based surveillance to provide an early warning system for COVID-19 and other pathogens. and JavaScript. Author's reply, Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): the interim efficacy results of a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRC Biostatistics Unit COVID-19 Working Group, Cases, hospital admissions, and hospital attendances in those with delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, Risk of hospitalisation and mortality for COVID-19 cases with omicron compared with delta, overall and by age group, Estimated HRs for vaccination categories, secondary analysis. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. PubMed ** Monthly incidence among adults who received booster or additional doses was calculated by summing the total number of COVID-19 patients with booster or additional doses hospitalized over all days of the month and dividing by the sum of adults with booster or additional doses in the underlying population for each day of the month. This method was also used for calculations in unvaccinated persons and those who received a primary series but not a booster or additional dose.. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. The funders played no direct role in the study. provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. Using Cox regression, the effectiveness of 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine received during pregnancy was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93), 62% (CI: 39, 77) and 56% (CI: 34,71) during months 02, 04 and 0- 6 of a childs life, respectively, in the Delta variant period. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. Clinical information was abstracted for 5,681 adults with COVID-19associated hospitalization during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022 (Table). N. Engl. Article COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated both high efficacy in clinical trials and high real-world effectiveness, especially against the original and Delta variant of the virus6,7,8,9,10. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. J. Med. If SARS-CoV-2 test date was missing, hospitalization admission date was used. J. Pediatr. Using previously described methods (3), investigators collected clinical data on a representative sample of adult patients (7.9%) hospitalized during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022, stratified by age and COVID-NET site. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059 (2022). A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. Introduction: A rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the hospitalization risk associated with, and the effectiveness of, COVID-19 vaccines. Recently another study reported that the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against infections and hospitalizations among pregnant people was higher during the Delta period than during the Omicron period21. VE against hospitalization was not estimated because of the very small number of hospitalized cases. We ran separate models on the time periods associated with the Delta (7/01/2021 to 12/20/2021) and Omicron variants (12/21/2021 to 5/31/2022). This preceded and had no relation to COVID-19, and GD had no role in and received no funding from the project. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. We used two different study designs: a primary design using a cohort analysis in which infants of vaccinated pregnant persons were compared with infants of unvaccinated pregnant persons. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, iyq3@cdc.gov. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. SARS-CoV-2 delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. Percentages presented for the overall number are weighted row percentages. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. Informed consent was waived because this was a data-only study with no direct contact with participants. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). Abbreviations: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network; ICU=intensive care unit; IMV=invasive mechanical ventilation; LTCF=long-term care facility; NA = not applicable. Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . In the present study, the mothers of only 32% of infants in the cohort received at least 2 doses during pregnancy. volume14, Articlenumber:894 (2023)